1
under + [system]
under 后接制度名词，表示在某种制度之下。
Under feudalism, peasants owed labor to their lords.
在封建制度下，农民要向领主提供劳役。
封建制度
feudalisms — plural of feudalism
先理解核心含义，再看它在真实句子里的用法。
封建制度
the social system in medieval Europe in which vassals served lords in war in exchange for protection
Under feudalism, peasants owed labor to their lords.
在封建制度下，农民要向领主提供劳役。
以个人拥有资源和领主与封臣之间个人效忠为基础的社会制度。特征为资源直接所有制、个人忠诚及由宗教强化的等级社会结构。
A social system based on personal ownership of resources and personal fealty between a suzerain (lord) and a vassal (subject). Defining characteristics are direct ownership of resources, personal loyalty, and a hierarchical social structure reinforced by religion.
8世纪在欧洲发展起来的社会制度；附庸受到他们必须在战争中服务的领主的保护
the social system that developed in Europe in the 8th century; vassals were protected by lords who they had to serve in war
Under feudalism, the king granted land to his lords in exchange for military service.
在封建制度下，国王把土地分封给贵族，以换取军事服务。
The decline of feudalism in Europe began after the Black Death.
欧洲封建制度的衰落始于黑死病之后。
Historians study feudalism to understand how medieval societies were organized.
历史学家研究封建制度，以了解中世纪社会是如何组织的。
under 后接制度名词，表示在某种制度之下。
Under feudalism, peasants owed labor to their lords.
在封建制度下，农民要向领主提供劳役。
The decline of feudalism changed the social order.
封建制度的衰落改变了社会秩序。
feudalism 通常不可数，不直接加 a/an；表示特定地区时用“feudalism in + 地名”。
Feudalism in Japan differed from feudalism in Europe.
日本的封建制度与欧洲的有所不同。
Not this
The feudalism was a social system in Europe.
Use this
Feudalism was a social system in Europe.
feudalism 是不可数抽象名词，泛指制度本身时不用定冠词 the。
Not this
The feudalism system lasted for centuries.
Use this
The feudal system lasted for centuries.
feudalism 是名词，修饰 system 时应用形容词形式 feudal，不能说 feudalism system。
Focus on the distinctions below. Other candidates are kept compact until a reliable usage note is available.
封建制度的兴起
The rise of feudalism in Europe gave lords political and military power.
欧洲封建制度的兴起赋予了领主政治和军事权力。
在封建制度下
Under feudalism, peasants depended on their lords for protection and land.
在封建制度下，农民依靠领主获得保护和土地。
封建制度的衰落
The decline of feudalism was accelerated by the growth of trade and cities.
贸易和城市的发展加速了封建制度的衰落。
从封建制度向资本主义的过渡
Historians study the transition from feudalism to capitalism in early modern England.
历史学家研究近代早期英格兰从封建制度向资本主义的过渡。
欧洲封建制度
European feudalism varied from region to region in its local customs.
欧洲封建制度在各地的习俗上不尽相同。
公司封建体制
Many gig workers view the platform's control over their pay and schedules as corporate feudalism.
许多零工工人将平台对其薪酬和工作时间的控制视为公司封建体制。
数字封建主义
Digital feudalism gives a handful of tech giants enormous power over online life.
数字封建主义让少数科技巨头对网络生活拥有巨大权力。
新封建主义
Some economists argue that extreme wealth inequality is creating a new feudalism.
一些经济学家认为，极端的财富不平等正在制造一种新封建主义。
Use feudalisms naturally, then get feedback on meaning, tone, grammar, and phrasing.
Revisit a common error or keep this word in your review list.
记忆联想：封建制度的核心是领主把‘封地’（fief）分给附庸，feud 可联想到‘封地’，记住领主与附庸的效忠关系。
语域：formal 常见场景：历史教材、学术论文、正式讲座 该词是历史与政治学术语，比较常见于教科书、学术论文或正式讨论中，日常口语中较少使用。
vandalism、capitalism、socialism、criticism 的最后一个重读音节都包含 /ɪ/，其后均为 /zəm/，因此与 feudalism 的 /ˌlɪzəm/ 押韵。注意：feudal /ˈfjuːdəl/ 和 feud /fjuːd/ 只是拼写与 feudalism 开头相同，并不押韵。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.