Word · Frequency #17131
feudalisms
封建制度
feudalisms is the plural of feudalism.
the social system in medieval Europe in which vassals served lords in war in exchange for protection
- 1.
A social system based on personal ownership of resources and personal fealty between a suzerain (lord) and a vassal (subject). Defining characteristics are direct ownership of resources, personal loyalty, and a hierarchical social structure reinforced by religion.
以个人拥有资源和领主与封臣之间个人效忠为基础的社会制度。特征为资源直接所有制、个人忠诚及由宗教强化的等级社会结构。
- 2.
the social system that developed in Europe in the 8th century; vassals were protected by lords who they had to serve in war
8世纪在欧洲发展起来的社会制度；附庸受到他们必须在战争中服务的领主的保护
以个人拥有资源和领主与封臣之间个人效忠为基础的社会制度。特征为资源直接所有制、个人忠诚及由宗教强化的等级社会结构。；8世纪在欧洲发展起来的社会制度；附庸受到他们必须在战争中服务的领主的保护；封建
In use
Under feudalism, the king granted land to his lords in exchange for military service.
The decline of feudalism in Europe began after the Black Death.
Historians study feudalism to understand how medieval societies were organized.
under + [system]
under 后接制度名词，表示在某种制度之下。
Under feudalism, peasants owed labor to their lords.
在封建制度下，农民要向领主提供劳役。
the decline of + [system]
The decline of feudalism changed the social order.
封建制度的衰落改变了社会秩序。
feudalism in + [place]
feudalism 通常不可数，不直接加 a/an；表示特定地区时用“feudalism in + 地名”。
Connections
Collocations
- the rise of feudalism
- 封建制度的兴起
- The rise of feudalism in Europe gave lords political and military power.欧洲封建制度的兴起赋予了领主政治和军事权力。
- under feudalism
- 在封建制度下
- Under feudalism, peasants depended on their lords for protection and land.在封建制度下，农民依靠领主获得保护和土地。
- the decline of feudalism
- 封建制度的衰落
- The decline of feudalism was accelerated by the growth of trade and cities.贸易和城市的发展加速了封建制度的衰落。
- the transition from feudalism to capitalism
- 从封建制度向资本主义的过渡
- Historians study the transition from feudalism to capitalism in early modern England.历史学家研究近代早期英格兰从封建制度向资本主义的过渡。
- European feudalism
- 欧洲封建制度
- European feudalism varied from region to region in its local customs.
Learner notes
Memory Tip
记忆联想：封建制度的核心是领主把‘封地’（fief）分给附庸，feud 可联想到‘封地’，记住领主与附庸的效忠关系。
Context & Register
语域：formal 常见场景：历史教材、学术论文、正式讲座 该词是历史与政治学术语，比较常见于教科书、学术论文或正式讨论中，日常口语中较少使用。
Pronunciation & Spelling
vandalism、capitalism、socialism、criticism 的最后一个重读音节都包含 /ɪ/，其后均为 /zəm/，因此与 feudalism 的 /ˌlɪzəm/ 押韵。注意：feudal /ˈfjuːdəl/ 和 feud /fjuːd/ 只是拼写与 feudalism 开头相同，并不押韵。
Learn the forms together
页面下方列出了常见词形变化。学习时注意它们在句子中的语法位置。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.