Word · Frequency #27868
runoff
径流(量)
the surplus liquid (as water) that runs off a surface into streams, rivers, etc.
environment
- 1.
That portion of precipitation or irrigation on an area which does not infiltrate or evaporate, but instead is discharged from the area.
降水或灌溉后未渗入或蒸发而径流出的水量。
- 2.
the occurrence of surplus liquid (as water) exceeding the limit or capacity
径流；超过限度或容量的多余液体(如水)的发生
- 3.
Dissolved chemicals, etc, included in such water.
径流水中所含的溶解化学物质等。
- 4.
a final election to resolve an earlier election that did not produce a winner
决选；为解决先前未产生获胜者的选举而举行的最终选举
- 5.
A second or further round of a competition, after other competitors (often all but the last two) have been eliminated.
比赛中的第二轮或后续轮次,通常淘汰至最后两人。
- 6.
A second or further round of an indecisive election, after other candidates (often all but the last two) have been eliminated.
选举中的第二轮或后续投票,通常淘汰至最后两名候选人。
决赛，决定性竞选；降水或灌溉后未渗入或蒸发而径流出的水量。；径流；超过限度或容量的多余液体(如水)的发生；径流水中所含的溶解化学物质等。；决选；为解决先前未产生获胜者的选举而举行的最终选举
In use
After the heavy rain, the runoff from the hills flooded the streets.
Farmers are concerned that chemical runoff from fields will pollute the river.
Since no candidate won a majority, a runoff will be held next month.
runoff from [source]
径流常与'from'搭配表示来源，也可作复合名词如'stormwater runoff'。
The runoff from the farm fields polluted the nearby river.
农田的径流污染了附近的河流。
a runoff [election] between [competitors]
决赛竞选常指选举中无人得票过半后的第二次投票。
The candidates will face a runoff election next month.
候选人下个月将进行决胜选举。
Common mistakes
The water runoffs from the roof.
Connections
Collocations
- surface runoff
- 地表径流
- Surface runoff carries soil and pollutants into rivers.地表径流将土壤和污染物带入河流。
- agricultural runoff
- 农业径流
- Agricultural runoff can harm aquatic ecosystems.农业径流会危害水生生态系统。
- stormwater runoff
- 雨水径流
- 该市建造了湿地来处理雨水径流。The city built wetlands to treat stormwater runoff.
- runoff election
- 决选；决胜选举
- A runoff election will be held next month.下个月将举行决选。
- runoff primary
- 决选初选；第二轮初选
- The runoff primary narrowed the race to two candidates.决选初选将竞选范围缩小到两名候选人。
Synonyms
Learner notes
Memory Tip
记住 run + off：雨点 run（跑）off（掉），没渗入地下，只在地表流走——径流；选举没人过半，选手再 run 一轮——决选。
Context & Register
语域：neutral 常见场景：environmental science、weather reporting、water management runoff 作“径流（量）”解时，多用于环境科学、水文、农业或天气新闻等语境，属于中性偏正式的表达；比较常见于书面或报道性语体。日常口语中直接说 runoff 的情况较少，通常会用更口语化的说法来替代。
Grammar Note
径流一般不可数，决赛可数
Pronunciation & Spelling
runoff 末尾的 -off 读 /ˌnɔf/，与 off、scoff 的 -off 以及 cough、trough 的 -ough 都押 /-ɔf/ 韵。注意拼写相似的 of 读 /ʌv/，rough 的 -ough 读 /ʌf/，均不押韵。
Learn the forms together
页面下方列出了常见词形变化。学习时注意它们在句子中的语法位置。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.