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involuntary + noun
作定语，修饰名词，表示非自愿的或无意识的行为或状态。
She experienced involuntary muscle spasms.
她经历了不随意的肌肉痉挛。
无意的；非故意的
先理解核心含义，再看它在真实句子里的用法。
无意的；非故意的
done without intention or deliberate choice; unintentional.
She experienced involuntary muscle spasms.
她经历了不随意的肌肉痉挛。
非故意的；无意的。
Without intention; unintentional.
非自愿的；不受意志控制的
not subject to the control of the will; ; ; ; - John F.Kennedy
非自愿的；违反意愿的；不情愿的。
Not voluntary or willing; contrary or opposed to explicit will or desire; unwilling.
自主神经系统控制的；无意识的
controlled by the autonomic nervous system; without conscious control
He let out an involuntary gasp when he saw the spider.
他看到蜘蛛时不由自主地倒吸一口气。
AI contextual example
Involuntary muscle twitches can be caused by fatigue or stress.
不自主的肌肉抽搐可能由疲劳或压力引起。
AI contextual example
She gave an involuntary smile at the memory of her childhood.
想起童年往事，她不自觉地露出了微笑。
AI contextual example
involuntary manslaughter
过失杀人。
WordNet
作定语，修饰名词，表示非自愿的或无意识的行为或状态。
She experienced involuntary muscle spasms.
她经历了不随意的肌肉痉挛。
作表语，描述主语是非自愿的。
His reaction was involuntary.
他的反应是不由自主的。
Not this
He is involuntary to help us.
Use this
He is unwilling to help us.
Involuntary 是形容词，用来描述行为或过程不是自愿的，而不能用来描述人的意愿。这里应使用 unwilling 来表达“不愿意”。
Not this
She cried involuntary.
Use this
She cried involuntarily.
Involuntary 是形容词，不能修饰动词。修饰动词时要使用副词形式 involuntarily。
Focus on the distinctions below. Other candidates are kept compact until a reliable usage note is available.
不随意肌
The heart is an involuntary muscle that works without conscious effort.
心脏是一种不随意肌，无需意识努力就能工作。
不自主运动
His involuntary movements were a side effect of the medication.
他的不自主运动是药物的副作用。
无意识反应
Blinking is an involuntary response to protect the eyes.
眨眼是保护眼睛的无意识反应。
强制住院
The patient was placed under involuntary hospitalization for his own safety.
为了患者自身安全，他被强制住院。
过失杀人
He was charged with involuntary manslaughter after the accident.
事故后他被指控过失杀人。
Use involuntary naturally, then get feedback on meaning, tone, grammar, and phrasing.
Revisit a common error or keep this word in your review list.
in（不）+ voluntary（自愿）= 不自愿的，如心跳、打喷嚏等无意识动作。
语域：mixed 常见场景：medicine、psychology、law 该词在医学、心理学和法律等专业语境中较常见，表示无意识或不自主的状态，属于中性偏正式用语。
Only voluntary rhymes with involuntary, sharing the same stressed vowel /ɑː/ and following sounds /ləntɛri/. Other words (necessary, military, secretary, elementary, extraordinary) end in -ary but have different stress patterns and vowel sounds; do not rely on spelling for pronunciation.
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.