involuntarily + verb
将 involuntarily 放在动词前,强调动作并非出于本意。
He involuntarily flinched at the sudden noise.
听到突然的响声,他不自觉地退缩了一下。
非自愿地;不自觉地
不自觉地;无意识地;不由自主地。;不知不觉地;无意识地
against your will
不自觉地;无意识地;不由自主地。
In an involuntary manner; done without conscious thought.
She involuntarily flinched when the door slammed shut.
门砰地关上时,她不由自主地退缩了。
用法提示:副词 involuntarily 修饰动词 flinched,表示动作出于本能、不受意志控制。
His eyes involuntarily moved toward the window during the long meeting.
开会时间很长,他的眼睛不由自主地朝窗户看去。
用法提示:副词 involuntarily 说明目光移动是不自觉的。
I involuntarily laughed at the joke even though I was trying to stay serious.
我不由自主地对这个笑话笑了出来,尽管我努力保持严肃。
用法提示:副词 involuntarily 表示笑声是不自觉的、不受意志控制的。
将 involuntarily 放在动词前,强调动作并非出于本意。
He involuntarily flinched at the sudden noise.
听到突然的响声,他不自觉地退缩了一下。
动词后置的 involuntarily 常见于描述不由自主的身体反应。
She smiled involuntarily.
她不自觉地笑了。
该结构常与失业、退休等形容词/过去分词连用,表示并非自愿的状态。
Many workers were involuntarily unemployed during the crisis.
危机期间,许多工人非自愿地失业了。
强调并非出于本意,多指结果非有意造成,但身体或意识可能仍受控制;与 involuntarily 相比,侧重意图而非自动反应。
强调当事人没有察觉,多用于习惯、心理过程或下意识表现,较少用于纯粹的生理反射。
强调动作像机器般不假思索地发生,也可指机械、程序自动运行;比 involuntarily 适用范围更广,不一定含‘非自愿’的意思。
强调出自生存本能或天性,常用于人或动物的直觉反应;而 involuntarily 更一般地表示不受主观意愿支配。
grammar · medium
易错句子She made an involuntarily movement when she heard the noise.
正确表达She made an involuntary movement when she heard the noise.
involuntarily 是副词,不能修饰名词 movement;修饰名词要用形容词 involuntary。中文的“无意识的”在这里应作定语。
grammar · medium
易错句子He involuntarily gave his seat to the old man.
正确表达He voluntarily gave his seat to the old man.
想表达“自愿地”时不可用 involuntarily;in- 是否定前缀,involuntarily 意为“非自愿地、违背意愿地”,与 voluntarily 意思相反。
针对“违背意愿地/非自愿地”这一义项;指出于自身意愿,而非被迫。
针对“非故意地/无意地”这一义项;指带有明确目的或意图。
针对“不知不觉地/无意识地”这一义项;指有感知、有意识地去做。
involuntarily 强调动作违背本人意愿或不受意志控制;unconsciously 强调本人没有察觉,不一定违背意愿。
involuntarily 可指不由自主或非出己愿;unwillingly 指人主观上不情愿,但仍有意识地选择去做。
involuntarily 强调缺乏意志控制;unintentionally 强调没有意图或目的,动作本身可以是有意识的。
非自愿失业的
He found himself involuntarily unemployed after the company downsized.
公司裁员后,他发现自己非自愿失业了。
被迫退休的
He was involuntarily retired at the age of 58.
他在58岁时被迫退休。
被强制入院的
She was involuntarily committed to a mental health facility.
她被强制送进了一家精神卫生机构。
不由自主地颤抖
I involuntarily shudder every time I think about that accident.
每次想到那场事故,我都会不由自主地颤抖。
不由自主地退缩
He involuntarily flinched when the doctor approached with the needle.
当医生拿着针靠近时,他不由自主地退缩了。
voluntary + -ly
necessary + -ly
temporary + -ly
primary + -ly
extraordinary + -ly
momentary + -ly
in-(不;否定前缀) + volunt(词根:意志) + -ary(形容词后缀) + -ly(副词后缀);同根词:voluntary, volunteer, volition
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.