by + place
表示位置,意为“在……旁边”。
I sat by the window.
我坐在窗户旁边。
在…旁边;靠近
从…旁边经过;经过;不迟于;在…之前;在…之后;经过…后;被;由;由…创作;出自…之手
在...旁边;靠近。
Near or next to.
从...旁边经过;经过。
From one side of something to the other, passing close by; past.
不迟于;在...之前。
Not later than (the given time); not later than the end of (the given time interval); before.
在...之后;经过一段时间后。
After a given amount of time has elapsed or a given event has occurred.
由;被(表示施动者)。
Indicates the person or thing that does or causes something: Through the action or presence of.
由(作者)创作;出自...之手。
Indicates the creator of a work: Existing through the authorship etc. of.
通过;借助(手段或方式)。
Indicates a means of achieving something: Involving/using the means of.
依照;依据(权威或规定)。
Indicates an authority according to which something is done.
按;按照(分类或组织方式)。
Indicates a means of classification or organisation.
以(幅度);相差。
Indicates the amount of change, difference or discrepancy
逐一;连续(如一个接一个)。
In the formulae X by X and by Xs, indicates a steady progression, one X after another.
按(指定的尺寸或计量单位)进行;常带夸张。
[with the] Acted on in units of the specified size or measure. (Sometimes hyperbolically)
每;按...计算。
Per; with or in proportion to each.
根据;依据(资料来源)。
Indicates a referenced source: According to.
用于表示尺寸,如长乘宽。
Used to separate dimensions when describing the size of something.
multiplied by or (chiefly South Asia) divided by
Designates a horse's sire (“male parent”).
At; with; among.
in a windward direction, sailing near to the direction from which the wind is blowing
She stood by the window, watching the rain.
她站在窗边,看着雨。
用法提示:by 是介词,表示“在……旁边”,后接地点名词。
The cat slept by the warm fire all evening.
猫整个晚上都在温暖的火炉旁睡觉。
用法提示:by 为介词,说明位置在火炉旁边。
Our house is by the river, so we can hear the water at night.
我们的房子在河边,所以晚上能听到水声。
用法提示:by 是介词,表示“靠近”某处。
表示位置,意为“在……旁边”。
I sat by the window.
我坐在窗户旁边。
表示“不迟于……”,强调时限。
Please return the books by Monday.
请在星期一之前还书。
在被动句中用 by 引出动作的发出者。
This novel was written by a famous author.
这部小说是一位著名作家写的。
表示交通方式时,by 后的名词不用冠词。
We traveled to Beijing by plane.
我们乘飞机去北京。
比 by 更强调在某人或某物的旁边、侧面,常可与 by 互换;但 by 还可表示‘经过’,beside 无此义。
只表示距离近,不一定紧挨着;by 通常比 near 更接近‘就在旁边’的意味。
强调中间没有间隔、直接挨着;by 可以只是靠近,不强调零距离。
多用于长条形物体或移动、并行的语境,如 alongside the river;by 的使用范围更广。
grammar · medium
易错句子The door was opened by a key.
正确表达The door was opened with a key.
被动句用 by 引出动作的施动者(真正发出动作的人或物),用 with 表示完成动作所使用的工具。key 是工具而非常规施动者,因此应改用 with;中文“被……打开”的“被”容易使人误用 by。
grammar · medium
易错句子I will stay at home by 10 o'clock.
正确表达I will stay at home until 10 o'clock.
by 表示“不迟于某个时间”,指动作完成的截止时点,不能表示持续到某一时刻;表示状态延续到某一时刻要用 until。中文“等到十点”的“到”容易让学习者误用 by。
grammar · medium
易错句子I go to work by a bus.
正确表达I go to work by bus.
表示交通方式时用 by + 交通工具,中间不加冠词,如 by bus、by car、by plane。中文说“坐公交车”时“一辆”的潜意识容易导致误加 a/an。
对应 by 表示“不迟于;在…之前”的介词义(如 by Monday “在周一之前”);after 表示“在…之后”,两者在时间上相反。
beside 强调紧靠在某人或某物旁边;by 表“靠近/在旁边”时较笼统,还可表示方式、时间、被动等,遇到 by 不要一律译成“旁边”。
until 强调动作或状态持续到某个时间点为止;by 表示“不迟于某个时间”,是截止期限。例如 by Friday 指最晚周五,until Friday 指一直持续到周五。
by 用于引出动作执行者(被动句中的“被”)或表示方式/手段;with 用于引出使用的具体工具、材料或伴随物。例如“被某人”用 by,“用某物”用 with。
到……的时候;等到……时
By the time you get home, dinner will be ready.
等你到家的时候,晚饭就好了。
乘汽车;开车
It's easier to get around by car in the countryside.
在乡下,开车四处转比较方便。
碰巧;偶然
I ran into my old classmate by chance at the station.
我在车站碰巧遇到了老同学。
一个接一个;逐一
The students entered the room one by one.
学生们一个接一个地走进房间。
显然;……得多
She is by far the best candidate for the job.
她显然是最适合这份工作的人选。
手工地;用手
This wooden bowl was made by hand.
这个木碗是手工制作的。
near + by
by + pass
by + stand + -er
here + by
there + by
where + by
与 by 同属高频介词,可表示空间位置或时间点。
用于具体日期、表面位置等,与 by 的时空用法互补。
表示空间内部或时间段,与 by 的位置和时间用法相关。
常表示工具或伴随,与 by 表示方式、施动者的用法相关。
表示方向或到达,与 by 的空间关系用法同属介词范畴。
不久以后;总有一天
Don't worry, things will get better by and by.
别担心,一切总会慢慢好起来的。
顺便说一下;顺便问一下
By the way, have you seen my keys?
顺便问一下,你看见我的钥匙了吗?
熟记;靠记忆
She knows all the lyrics by heart.
她记住了所有歌词。
站在我身边。
This is the title of a hit song by Ben E. King and also the title of a famous 1986 film.
这是本·E·金的一首热门歌曲的歌名,也是1986年一部著名电影的片名。
以一切必要手段。
This phrase was used by Malcolm X to express his determination in the fight for civil rights.
马尔科姆·X曾用这个短语来表达他在民权斗争中的决心。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.