1
backwardness in + noun/gerund
此义项常指智力或发育迟缓，后接 in 表示在某方面。
Early tests revealed backwardness in her reading skills.
早期测试显示她在阅读能力方面发育迟缓。
智力落后；精神发育迟缓
先理解核心含义，再看它在真实句子里的用法。
智力落后；精神发育迟缓
lack of normal development of intellectual capacities
Early tests revealed backwardness in her reading skills.
早期测试显示她在阅读能力方面发育迟缓。
落后状态。
The state of being backward.
不情愿；勉强。
Reluctance.
The school provides special support for students whose backwardness makes it hard for them to keep up with their peers.
学校为那些因智力落后而难以跟上同伴的学生提供特殊支持。
Doctors explained that his backwardness in learning was not caused by neglect but by a developmental condition.
医生解释说，他在学习上的智力落后并非疏忽所致，而是一种发育状况造成的。
Early testing can identify intellectual backwardness so that children receive help before they fall too far behind.
早期测试可以识别智力落后，以便儿童在落后太多之前得到帮助。
此义项常指智力或发育迟缓，后接 in 表示在某方面。
Early tests revealed backwardness in her reading skills.
早期测试显示她在阅读能力方面发育迟缓。
The backwardness of the patient was difficult for the family to accept.
病人的智力发育迟缓让家人难以接受。
Not this
He is backwardness in math.
Use this
He is backward in math.
backwardness 是名词，不能放在系动词后作表语；表示“在某方面落后/迟钝”应用形容词 backward。
Not this
Backwardness countries should receive more help.
Use this
Backward countries should receive more help.
backwardness 是名词，不能作定语修饰名词；这里需要形容词 backward 来修饰 countries。
Focus on the distinctions below. Other candidates are kept compact until a reliable usage note is available.
智力落后
Intellectual backwardness can be caused by a variety of genetic and environmental factors.
智力落后可能由多种遗传和环境因素造成。
重度智力落后
Children with severe backwardness often require lifelong care.
重度智力落后的儿童通常需要终身照料。
学业落后
The charity aims to help children with educational backwardness catch up in school.
该慈善机构旨在帮助学业落后的儿童在学校赶上进度。
阅读落后
The study focuses on the early identification of reading backwardness.
该研究聚焦于阅读落后的早期识别。
Use backwardness naturally, then get feedback on meaning, tone, grammar, and phrasing.
Revisit a common error or keep this word in your review list.
backwardness 由 backward（向后）+ -ness 组成：总在朝后看，前进不了，就成了落后。想象一个学生总回头，进度自然落后。
语域：formal 常见场景：医学评估、心理学报告、正式文书 该词多用于正式或医学/心理学语境，表示智力发育迟缓；日常交流中比较少见，且可能显得过时或不礼貌。
通常视为不可数名词，表示‘落后/迟缓’；复数形式较少见，指不同类别的落后状态。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.