1
be a serf
表示身份状态。
He was forced to be a serf on the lord's estate.
他被迫成为领主庄园上的农奴。
农奴
先理解核心含义，再看它在真实句子里的用法。
农奴
A feudal peasant bound to the land and required to work for the lord.
He was forced to be a serf on the lord's estate.
他被迫成为领主庄园上的农奴。
低等世袭阶级的半自由农民,像奴隶一样依附于封建领主土地,需服劳役,享有极少的法律或习惯权利。
A partially free peasant of a low hereditary class, attached like a slave to the land owned by a feudal lord and required to perform labour, enjoying minimal legal or customary rights.
(中世纪)被束缚在土地上并为封建领主所有的人
(Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord
18和19世纪欧洲类似的农业劳动者。
A similar agricultural labourer in 18th and 19th century Europe.
一个工人单位。
A worker unit.
In medieval Europe, a serf was bound to the land and could not leave without the lord's permission.
在中世纪的欧洲，农奴被束缚在土地上，未经领主许可不得离开。
The lord demanded that every serf work the fields from dawn until dusk.
领主要求每个农奴从早到晚在田里劳作。
Although he was technically free, his poverty made him little more than a serf on the plantation.
虽然他在法律上是自由的，但他的贫困使他在种植园里无异于一个奴隶。
表示身份状态。
He was forced to be a serf on the lord's estate.
他被迫成为领主庄园上的农奴。
强调职业角色。
They worked as serfs in the fields.
他们作为农奴在田里劳作。
表示隶属关系。
She was a serf of the baron.
她是男爵的农奴。
Not this
The farmer serfed on the land.
Use this
The farmer was a serf on the land.
serf 是名词，不能用作动词。中文‘农奴’是名词，但学习者可能受‘奴役’影响误作动词。应使用 be a serf 结构。
Not this
The serf prepared the lord's bath.
Use this
The servant prepared the lord's bath.
serf 特指中世纪束缚在土地上的农奴，不是一般仆人。中文‘农奴’和‘仆人’容易混淆，但英语中 servant 才是从事家务劳动的仆人。
Focus on the distinctions below. Other candidates are kept compact until a reliable usage note is available.
被解放的农奴
The reform of 1861 emancipated millions of serfs in Russia.
1861年的改革解放了俄国数百万农奴。
农奴劳动
The estate's economy depended entirely on serf labor.
这座庄园的经济完全依赖农奴劳动。
作为农奴被束缚
His ancestors were bound as serfs to the land.
他的祖先作为农奴被束缚在土地上。
无地的农奴
Landless serfs had no means of escaping their masters.
无地的农奴没有办法逃离他们的主人。
农奴主
The serf owner could sell his serfs along with the estate.
农奴主可以把农奴和庄园一起卖掉。
Use serf naturally, then get feedback on meaning, tone, grammar, and phrasing.
Revisit a common error or keep this word in your review list.
记忆联想：serf 中的 'er' 读音同 earth（土地），农奴就像被绑在土地上、世代为领主劳作的半自由农民。
语域：formal 常见场景：历史与社会科学文献、学术写作、文学作品中描写封建时代 serf 是较正式的历史/学术用语，通常出现在讨论封建制度、中世纪社会或俄国农奴制的语境中；日常口语里很少使用。它指被束缚在土地上、依附于封建领主并缺乏自由的人。
可数名词，指封建社会中被束缚在土地上的农奴。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.