Word · Frequency #17229
serf
农奴
A feudal peasant bound to the land and required to work for the lord.
- 1.
A partially free peasant of a low hereditary class, attached like a slave to the land owned by a feudal lord and required to perform labour, enjoying minimal legal or customary rights.
低等世袭阶级的半自由农民,像奴隶一样依附于封建领主土地,需服劳役,享有极少的法律或习惯权利。
- 2.
(Middle Ages) a person who is bound to the land and owned by the feudal lord
(中世纪)被束缚在土地上并为封建领主所有的人
- 3.
A similar agricultural labourer in 18th and 19th century Europe.
18和19世纪欧洲类似的农业劳动者。
- 4.
A worker unit.
一个工人单位。
劳动单元；低等世袭阶级的半自由农民,像奴隶一样依附于封建领主土地,需服劳役,享有极少的法律或习惯权利。；(中世纪)被束缚在土地上并为封建领主所有的人；18和19世纪欧洲类似的农业劳动者。；一个工人单位。
In use
In medieval Europe, a serf was bound to the land and could not leave without the lord's permission.
The lord demanded that every serf work the fields from dawn until dusk.
Although he was technically free, his poverty made him little more than a serf on the plantation.
be a serf
表示身份状态。
He was forced to be a serf on the lord's estate.
他被迫成为领主庄园上的农奴。
work as a serf
强调职业角色。
They worked as serfs in the fields.
他们作为农奴在田里劳作。
the serf of [someone]
表示隶属关系。
Connections
Collocations
- emancipated serfs
- 被解放的农奴
- The reform of 1861 emancipated millions of serfs in Russia.1861年的改革解放了俄国数百万农奴。
- serf labor
- 农奴劳动
- The estate's economy depended entirely on serf labor.这座庄园的经济完全依赖农奴劳动。
- bound as a serf
- 作为农奴被束缚
- His ancestors were bound as serfs to the land.他的祖先作为农奴被束缚在土地上。
- landless serfs
- 无地的农奴
- Landless serfs had no means of escaping their masters.无地的农奴没有办法逃离他们的主人。
- serf owner
- 农奴主
- The serf owner could sell his serfs along with the estate.农奴主可以把农奴和庄园一起卖掉。
Synonyms
Learner notes
Memory Tip
记忆联想：serf 中的 'er' 读音同 earth（土地），农奴就像被绑在土地上、世代为领主劳作的半自由农民。
Context & Register
语域：formal 常见场景：历史与社会科学文献、学术写作、文学作品中描写封建时代 serf 是较正式的历史/学术用语，通常出现在讨论封建制度、中世纪社会或俄国农奴制的语境中；日常口语里很少使用。它指被束缚在土地上、依附于封建领主并缺乏自由的人。
Grammar Note
可数名词，指封建社会中被束缚在土地上的农奴。
Pronunciation & Spelling
与 serf (/sɝf/) 押韵的词包括 turf (/tɝf/) 和 surf (/sɝf/)。注意拼写相似的 serve (/sɝv/) 和 nerve (/nɝv/) 以 /v/ 结尾，与 serf 不押韵。
Learn the forms together
页面下方列出了常见词形变化。学习时注意它们在句子中的语法位置。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.