1
penalize sb for sth
penalize 常与 for 连用，说明处罚的原因；此处为主动语态。
The referee penalized the player for a deliberate handball.
裁判因球员故意手球而对其进行处罚。
处罚；惩罚
penalized — past of penalize
先理解核心含义，再看它在真实句子里的用法。
处罚；惩罚
to punish someone for breaking a rule or law
The referee penalized the player for a deliberate handball.
裁判因球员故意手球而对其进行处罚。
使受处罚,尤指因违反规则或规定。
To subject to a penalty, especially for the infringement of a rule or regulation.
给......设障碍；使不利。
To impose a handicap on.
penalize
Base
原形
penalizes
3rd person
第三人称单数
penalizing
-ing
现在分词
penalized
Past
过去式
penalized
Past participle
过去分词
The referee penalizes the player for a foul.
裁判因犯规处罚球员。
The court penalized the company heavily.
法院对该公司处以重罚。
The government has penalized tax evasion.
政府已对逃税行为进行处罚。
规则动词，过去式和过去分词均为penalized。
The referee will penalize any player who breaks the rules.
裁判会处罚任何违反规则的球员。
The company penalized him for repeatedly arriving late.
公司因为他屡次迟到而处罚了他。
The new policy is penalizing small businesses unfairly.
新政策正在不公平地惩罚小企业。
penalize 常与 for 连用，说明处罚的原因；此处为主动语态。
The referee penalized the player for a deliberate handball.
裁判因球员故意手球而对其进行处罚。
被动语态 be penalized 在正式文体中很常见，原因仍用 for 引出。
He was penalized for missing the deadline.
他因错过了最后期限而受到处罚。
此处 penalize 意为“使不利、给…设置障碍”，并非直接处罚某人。
New regulations would penalize small businesses.
新法规会使小企业处于不利地位。
Not this
The referee penalized the player's foul.
Use this
The referee penalized the player for the foul.
penalize 的宾语应是被处罚的人，而不是违规行为本身；说“因某事处罚某人”要用 penalize someone for something，不能照中文“处罚某人的犯规”把犯规直接作宾语。
Not this
The teacher penalized Tom to clean the classroom.
Use this
The teacher penalized Tom by making him clean the classroom.
penalize 不能接“宾语 + 不定式”来表示处罚方式；中文“罚某人做某事”译成英语时，要用 by doing 短语（或 with + 名词）来说明处罚方式。
Not this
The coach gave him a penalize for missing practice.
Use this
The coach gave him a penalty for missing practice.
penalize 是动词，不是名词；名词形式是 penalty。“给予处罚”要说 give someone a penalty，不能把动词 penalize 当名词使用。
Focus on the distinctions below. Other candidates are kept compact until a reliable usage note is available.
因某事处罚某人
The company was penalized for violating safety rules.
该公司因违反安全规定受到处罚。
重罚；严厉处罚
Drivers who exceed the speed limit are heavily penalized.
超速行驶的司机受到严厉处罚。
处罚球员；判罚球员
The referee penalized the player for a handball.
裁判因手球而判罚了该球员。
使小企业处于不利地位
The new tax law unfairly penalizes small businesses.
新税法不公平地使小企业处于不利地位。
Use penalized naturally, then get feedback on meaning, tone, grammar, and phrasing.
Revisit a common error or keep this word in your review list.
记：penalty（惩罚）去掉ty加ize就是penalize，意为“处罚；使不利”，像给违规者开罚单。
语域：neutral 常见场景：sports competitions、legal and regulatory contexts、school and academic settings penalize 属于中性偏正式用词，通常用于规则、法律、体育竞赛等正式场合，日常口语中较少见；表示“使不利”时也常见于书面语。
与 penalize /ˈpiːnəlaɪz/ 完全押韵的常用词很少。以 -ize 结尾的词（如 finalize /ˈfaɪnəlaɪz/, organize /ˈɔːrɡənaɪz/）都以 /aɪz/ 结尾，但重音元音不同，所以并不完全押韵。注意拼写相似的 penalty /ˈpɛnəlti/ 和 realize /ˈriːəlaɪz/ 发音不同；penal /ˈpiːnəl/ 只共享首音节。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY, WORDNET.