Word · CEFR C1 · Frequency #9042
notwithstanding
仍然；尽管如此
Nevertheless, all the same.
- 1.
Nevertheless, all the same.
尽管如此；仍然。
尽管如此；仍然。；虽然；尽管
In use
The weather was terrible; we enjoyed the trip notwithstanding.
He was late for the meeting; his explanation was accepted notwithstanding.
The project faced many difficulties; it was completed on time notwithstanding.
noun phrase + notwithstanding
此结构表示'尽管有某事物'，通常置于句首或句末，主语前需加逗号。
The budget cuts notwithstanding, the project continued.
尽管预算削减，项目仍在继续。
clause; + notwithstanding
用作副词，位于句末，表示转折。
The team was exhausted; they finished the match notwithstanding.
队伍筋疲力尽，但他们还是完成了比赛。
Common mistakes
He notwithstanding the rain, went out.Notwithstanding the rain, he went out.
这里将'notwithstanding'误用作动词。实际'notwithstanding'是介词或副词，不能单独作谓语。应改为介词短语置于句首，后接名词，表示'尽管'。
Notwithstanding he was tired, he kept working.Notwithstanding that he was tired, he kept working.
这里'notwithstanding'作为连词使用时，后面应接that从句或名词短语，不能直接接句子。应改为'notwithstanding that'或'notwithstanding + 名词'。
Connections
Collocations
- notwithstanding the fact that
- 尽管事实是
- Notwithstanding the fact that he was tired, he continued working.尽管他很累，他仍然继续工作。
- notwithstanding this
- 尽管如此
- The weather was bad; notwithstanding this, they went for a walk.天气很糟；尽管如此，他们还是去散步了。
- notwithstanding any
- 尽管有任何
- Notwithstanding any objections, the plan was approved.尽管有任何反对意见，该计划还是被批准了。
Idioms & figurative uses
- notwithstanding anything to the contrary
- 尽管有任何相反的规定Notwithstanding anything to the contrary, the project will proceed as planned.尽管有任何相反的规定，该项目将按计划进行。
Synonyms
Learner notes
Memory Tip
将notwithstanding拆解为not+withstanding（抵抗），字面是‘不抵抗’，实际表‘尽管’，暗示让步时无需抵抗。
Context & Register
语域：formal 常见场景：法律文件、学术写作、正式演讲 这是一个较为正式的词，多用于书面语或正式场合，口语中较少使用。
Grammar Note
用作副词时，通常置于句末或动词后，表示‘尽管如此’。
Pronunciation & Spelling
Words like 'standing', 'understanding', and 'misunderstanding' share the same stressed vowel /æ/ and ending /ndɪŋ/, thus rhyme with the main stressed part of 'notwithstanding'. Words like 'landing', 'handing', and 'branding' also rhyme but have different initial consonants. Beware of lookalikes like 'withstand' which ends in /nd/ without the /ɪŋ/ and has different syllable count.
Usage priority
Collins 词频等级为 1，建议结合例句记忆，而不是只背中文释义。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, OCTANOVE, WIKTIONARY, WORDNET.