1
the harshness of sth
The harshness of the winter surprised everyone.
冬天的严酷让每个人都惊讶。
严厉；粗暴；刺耳
先理解核心含义，再看它在真实句子里的用法。
严厉；粗暴；刺耳
the quality of being harsh
The harshness of the winter surprised everyone.
冬天的严酷让每个人都惊讶。
严酷、粗糙或刺耳的性质。
The quality of being harsh.
The harshness of the sandpaper made it perfect for smoothing the rough edges.
砂纸的粗糙使其非常适合打磨粗糙的边缘。
The harshness of his voice during the argument surprised everyone.
辩论中他声音的刺耳让每个人都感到惊讶。
The harshness of the winter storm forced many families to evacuate.
冬季风暴的严酷迫使许多家庭撤离。
The harshness of the winter surprised everyone.
冬天的严酷让每个人都惊讶。
She was known for her verbal harshness.
她以言语严厉著称。
There is unnecessary harshness in his criticism.
他的批评中有不必要的苛刻。
We need to reduce the harshness of the punishment.
我们需要减轻惩罚的严厉程度。
Not this
The harsh of the winter was unbearable.
Use this
The harshness of the winter was unbearable.
“harsh”是形容词，不能作名词主语，应用名词“harshness”表示“严酷”。
Not this
The harshness of the diamond makes it durable.
Use this
The hardness of the diamond makes it durable.
“harshness”指刺耳或严酷，不指物理硬度；“hardness”才是“硬度”。
Focus on the distinctions below. Other candidates are kept compact until a reliable usage note is available.
冬天的严酷
The harshness of winter made the mountain roads impassable.
冬天的严酷使山路无法通行。
现实的残酷
She was not prepared for the harshness of reality after graduation.
她对毕业后现实的残酷毫无准备。
批评的严厉
The harshness of his criticism surprised the whole team.
他批评的严厉让整个团队感到惊讶。
惩罚的严苛
Many people questioned the harshness of the punishment.
许多人质疑惩罚的严苛。
她声音中的刺耳
I could hear the harshness in her voice when she answered.
她回答时我能听出她声音中的刺耳。
光线的刺眼
The harshness of the light made it difficult to read outside.
光线的刺眼使人在户外很难阅读。
Use harshness naturally, then get feedback on meaning, tone, grammar, and phrasing.
Revisit a common error or keep this word in your review list.
harsh（刺耳、粗糙）+ ness（名词后缀），想象砂纸刮玻璃那种尖利刺耳的感觉，就是 harshness 的“严酷、粗糙”。
语域：neutral 常见场景：正式写作、日常描述 harshness 本身没有强烈的口语或书面语标记；通常用于描述声音、天气、态度或环境等的严酷或刺耳程度。实际语气多取决于搭配，正式场合中比较常见。
通常用作不可数名词，但复数形式 harshnesses 存在，用于表示多种粗糙或刺耳的事物。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.