Word · Frequency #18021
externalities
外在性；外部性
externalities is the plural of externality.
核心释义
the quality or state of being outside, directed toward the outside, or relating to the exterior
- 1.
外在性；外部状态
The state of being external or externalized.
- 2.
外部事物
A thing that is external relative to something else.
- 3.
对未参与交易方产生的影响
An impact, positive or negative, on any party not involved in a given economic transaction or act.
外在性；外部状态；外部事物；对未参与交易方产生的影响；外形；外在性
用法In use
The externality of the noise was obvious, because it came from the street outside our apartment.
用法提示：externality 是名词，表示‘外在性’，在句中作主语，说明噪音来自外部的特性。
We discussed the externality of the problem, which arose from outside the company.
用法提示：externality 是名词，在句中作宾语，指问题源于外部的性质。
We were surprised by the externality of the decision, since it was made by someone we had never met.
用法提示：externality 是名词，在句中作介词 by 的宾语，强调决定来自外部的性质。
the externality of sth to sth
The externality of the garage to the house is inconvenient.
车库位于房屋之外,这很不方便。
相关词与表达Connections
搭配Collocations
- negative externality
- 负面外部性
- Pollution is a classic example of a negative externality.污染是负面外部性的典型例子。
- positive externality
- 正面外部性
- Education creates a positive externality for society.教育为社会创造了正面外部性。
- production externality
- 生产外部性
- The factory's smoke is a production externality affecting nearby residents.工厂的烟雾是影响附近居民的生产外部性。
- consumption externality
- 消费外部性
- Secondhand smoke is a consumption externality of smoking.二手烟是吸烟的一种消费外部性。
- internalize the externality
学习提示Learner notes
记忆技巧Memory Tip
外部的(external)加上名词后缀-ity，就是“外在性”；经济学里的外部性如污染成本外溢给他人。
语境与语域Context & Register
语域：formal 常见场景：学术论文、哲学讨论 该词多用于正式或学术语境，表示“外在性”，即属于外部或与外部有关的性质或状态；日常口语中较少出现。
发音与拼写Pronunciation & Spelling
以上单词的重读元音和后续发音都与 externality 的 /ˈnæləti/ 押韵。注意拼写相似的 external /ɪkˈstɜːnəl/ 和 eternity /ɪˈtɜːnəti/ 读音不同，并不押韵。
一起学习词形Learn the forms together
页面下方列出了常见词形变化。学习时注意它们在句子中的语法位置。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.