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a(n) [adjective] bureaucracy
bureaucracy 作可数名词时表示具体的官僚机构。
The company has a bloated bureaucracy.
这家公司有臃肿的官僚机构。
官僚体制；官僚政治；行政管理制度
bureaucracies — plural of bureaucracy
先理解核心含义，再看它在真实句子里的用法。
官僚体制；官僚政治；行政管理制度
a system of government or administration in which decisions are made by officials in separate departments rather than by elected representatives
The company has a bloated bureaucracy.
这家公司有臃肿的官僚机构。
由局或其行政官员治理的政府。
Government by bureaus or their administrators or officers.
非选举产生的政府官员
nonelective government officials
一种基于分设机构、分工和权力层级的行政管理制度,旨在按常规方式处理大量工作。
A system of administration based upon organisation into bureaus, division of labour, a hierarchy of authority, etc., designed to dispose of a large body of work in a routine manner.
由非选举官员组成的局署管理的政府
a government that is administered primarily by bureaus that are staffed with nonelective officials
Applying for a parking permit involved so much bureaucracy that I almost gave up.
申请停车许可证涉及太多繁文缛节，我差点放弃了。
The new manager promised to reduce bureaucracy and speed up paperwork.
新经理承诺减少官僚作风，加快文书处理。
Many small businesses struggle with government bureaucracy when they try to expand.
许多小企业在试图扩张时深受政府官僚程序的困扰。
bureaucracy 作可数名词时表示具体的官僚机构。
The company has a bloated bureaucracy.
这家公司有臃肿的官僚机构。
bureaucracy 也可作不可数名词，表示官僚作风或官僚体制。
He criticized the bureaucracy of the government.
他批评了政府的官僚作风。
作为不可数名词时，谓语动词用单数。
Bureaucracy hinders innovation.
官僚主义阻碍创新。
Not this
The bureaucracy in that office is very helpful.
Use this
The bureaucrats in that office are very helpful.
“bureaucracy” 指官僚体系，而非具体官员；表达“官员”应使用 “bureaucrat”。
Not this
She works as a bureaucracy in the government.
Use this
She works as a bureaucrat in the government.
“bureaucracy” 是不可数名词或指系统，不能用于指人；指人要用 “bureaucrat”。
Focus on the distinctions below. Other candidates are kept compact until a reliable usage note is available.
过多的官僚主义
The company struggled with excessive bureaucracy.
这家公司因过多的官僚主义而举步维艰。
政府官僚体制
The government bureaucracy is often slow to respond.
政府官僚体制往往反应缓慢。
减少官僚作风
The new policy aims to reduce bureaucracy.
新政策旨在减少官僚作风。
官僚主义和繁文缛节
Many businesses complain about bureaucracy and red tape.
许多企业抱怨官僚主义和繁文缛节。
低效的官僚机构
An inefficient bureaucracy can hinder economic growth.
低效的官僚机构会阻碍经济增长。
国家官僚机构
The state bureaucracy is responsible for implementing laws.
国家官僚机构负责执行法律。
官僚制度是一场噩梦。
Spoken by the character Sam Lowry in the 1985 film 'Brazil', this line captures the film's central theme of oppressive bureaucracy.
出自1985年电影《巴西》中角色山姆·劳瑞之口，这句话抓住了影片压抑官僚体制的核心主题。
发长 /iː/ 音 (如 sea, tea)
Same pattern, same sound
Use bureaucracies naturally, then get feedback on meaning, tone, grammar, and phrasing.
Revisit a common error or keep this word in your review list.
想象“bureau”（办公桌）和“cracy”（统治）组成“办公桌统治”，即官僚机构。一叠叠文件堆满桌，办事效率低，记住“官僚”就是桌子的统治。
register: mixed, settings: 政府, 组织, 行政体系, note_zh: 通常用于正式场合，描述政府或大型组织的运作体系，但在日常口语中可能带有贬义，指繁琐的程序或官僚主义。
All listed words share the '-cracy' suffix and rhyme with 'bureaucracy' (the stressed vowel /ɑ/ followed by /krəsi/).
Dictionary facts from DICTIONARY_API_DEV, ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.
Watch the sound change