Word · Frequency #14222
rust
生锈；使生锈
核心释义
可作不及物动词或及物动词：The gate rusted. / Rain rusted the gate.
to become covered with rust, or to make metal become covered with rust
- 1.
氧化,尤指铁或钢。
To oxidize, especially of iron or steel.
- 2.
使氧化。
To cause to oxidize.
- 3.
感染锈菌。
To be affected with the parasitic fungus called rust.
- 4.
(使)因懒散而退化；(使)因闲置而变得迟钝或受损。
To (cause to) degenerate in idleness; to make or become dull or impaired by inaction.
- 5.
(指黑猫或其皮毛)因长期暴露在阳光下变成锈色。
Of a black cat or its fur, to turn rust-coloured following long periods of exposure to sunlight.
（使）荒废；（使）退化；（植物）染锈病；（黑猫毛）晒成锈色；氧化,尤指铁或钢。；使氧化。
用法In use
The old gate will rust if it is not painted.
用法提示：rust 在此作不及物动词，表示“生锈”。
Constant dampness causes the metal pipes to rust quickly.
用法提示：rust 用作不定式，在使役结构里表示“生锈”的动作。
The abandoned bicycle has rusted after years of rain.
用法提示：rusted 是过去分词，用于现在完成时，表示已经生锈。
sth + rust
rust 作不及物动词，表示（金属）自行生锈。
The metal gate rusted quickly in the coastal air.
金属门在海边的空气中很快生锈了。
rust + sth
rust 作及物动词，主语是导致生锈的因素。
The heavy rain rusted the old tools left outside.
相关词与表达Connections
搭配Collocations
- rust away
- 锈蚀掉；锈烂
- The old car has been sitting outside so long that it is starting to rust away.那辆旧车在外面停了太久，已经开始锈烂了。
- rust through
- 锈穿；锈透
- The metal pipe rusted through and water leaked everywhere.金属管锈穿了，水漏得到处都是。
- rust easily
- 容易生锈
- This type of steel rusts easily in damp conditions.这种钢材在潮湿环境中容易生锈。
- be rusted shut
- 因锈蚀而卡住（无法打开）
- The old gate was rusted shut and would not budge.那扇旧大门因锈蚀而卡死，怎么也推不动。
- rust from disuse
学习提示Learner notes
记忆技巧Memory Tip
把rust里的u想成一滴水珠，铁器淋到水(u)就会生锈(rust)；人也一样，久不活动就会“生锈”变迟钝。
语境与语域Context & Register
语域：mixed 常见场景：日常谈论金属物品、文学或正式写作中的比喻、农业或植物病害描述 rust 作动词时，字面义“生锈/使生锈”在日常生活和科技语境中都很常用，属于中性；比喻义“（使）荒废、退化”多用于书面或正式语体；植物学中“染锈病”则常见于农业或专业描述。具体使用何种语气需根据义项和场合判断。
发音与拼写Pronunciation & Spelling
All six words rhyme with rust: they have the same stressed vowel /ʌ/ and final cluster /st/. Be careful with lookalikes ending in -ost: cost /kɒst/, lost /lɒst/, post /poʊst/, most /moʊst/, and host /hoʊst/ look similar but do not rhyme with rust.
用法优先级Usage priority
Collins 词频等级为 1，建议结合例句记忆，而不是只背中文释义。
一起学习词形Learn the forms together
页面下方列出了常见词形变化。学习时注意它们在句子中的语法位置。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.