Word · Frequency #21040
ruffs
流苏鹬
ruffs is the plural of ruff.
a common Eurasian sandpiper; the male has an erectile neck ruff in breeding season
- 1.
A circular frill or ruffle on a garment, especially a starched, fluted frill at the neck in Elizabethan and Jacobean England (1560s–1620s).
服装上的圆形褶边或褶裥,尤其是伊丽莎白和詹姆斯一世时期英格兰(1560年代至1620年代)颈部上浆的管状褶边。
- 2.
A fish of species Arripis georgianus, found in cool waters off the southern coast of Australia
一种鱼,学名Arripis georgianus,见于澳大利亚南海岸凉爽水域。
- 3.
An instance of ruffing, or an opportunity to ruff, when unable to follow suit.
无法跟牌时出王牌的一次机会。
- 4.
A low, vibrating beat of a drum, quieter than a roll; a ruffle.
鼓的低沉颤音,比滚奏更轻；轻敲。
- 5.
Anything formed with plaits or flutings like a frill.
任何用褶或槽形形成的类似褶边的东西。
- 6.
Senses relating to animals.
与动物相关的含义。
- 7.
A collar on a shaft or other piece to prevent endwise motion.
轴或其他部件上防止轴向移动的轴环。
将吃；服装上的圆形褶边或褶裥,尤其是伊丽莎白和詹姆斯一世时期英格兰(1560年代至1620年代)颈部上浆的管状褶边。；一种鱼,学名Arripis georgianus,见于澳大利亚南海岸凉爽水域。；无法跟牌时出王牌的一次机会。；鼓的低沉颤音,比滚奏更轻；轻敲。
In use
In the bridge game, she ruffed the diamond with her last trump.
He kept ruffing every heart lead, and soon his opponents stopped playing that suit.
If you ruff too high, you may waste a winning trump.
ruff + [suit]
桥牌用语，指无法跟出同一花色时用将牌（王牌）赢下这一墩。
He ruffed the diamond.
他将吃了方块。
ruff with + [card]
with 后接用来将吃的将牌；也可说 ruff with a trump。
She ruffed with a low spade.
她用一张小黑桃将吃。
a ruff of + [material/feathers]
这里 ruff 是可数名词，指鸟兽颈部的一圈羽毛；也指历史服饰中的环状皱领。
Connections
Collocations
- ruff a trick
- 将吃一墩（桥牌中出将牌赢墩）
- She ruffed the trick with a small trump.她用一张小将牌将吃了这一墩。
- ruff and discard
- 将吃垫牌（桥牌打法）
- The defender led a suit that allowed declarer a ruff and discard.防守方出的一种花色给了庄家一个将吃垫牌的机会。
- Elizabethan ruff
- 伊丽莎白时代的大轮状皱领
- The courtiers wore white Elizabethan ruffs around their necks.朝臣们脖子上戴着白色的伊丽莎白式轮状皱领。
- male ruff
- 雄性流苏鹬
- The male ruff has an elaborate collar of feathers during the breeding season.繁殖季节，雄性流苏鹬长有一圈精致的翎羽颈饰。
- neck ruff
- 颈部的翎羽（轮状颈羽）
- The bird raises its neck ruff to attract a mate.这种鸟竖起颈部的翎羽来吸引配偶。
Learner notes
Memory Tip
发音同rough，想象打牌时“粗鲁”地甩出王牌将吃对手，ruff就是出王牌。
Context & Register
语域：mixed 常见场景：观鸟或鸟类图鉴、桥牌等牌类游戏规则与对局 该词不同释义各有特定场合：指鸟时通常出现在观鸟、鸟类图鉴或动物学语境中；指牌戏中以王牌取胜时，多用于桥牌等牌类游戏的规则说明和对局。两者都不属于日常通用口语，使用时要根据具体场景选择。
Grammar Note
名词义涵盖鸟类、轮状皱领、梅花鲈及牌戏中的出王牌动作；动词义用于牌戏，表示出王牌。
Pronunciation & Spelling
这些词都与 ruff 押韵，都以 /ʌf/ 结尾（rough, tough, stuff, puff, buff, cuff）。注意拼写陷阱：rough 和 tough 中的 -ough 读作 /ʌf/，但 cough 中读 /ɒf/，bough 中读 /aʊ/，through 中读 /uː/，though 中读 /əʊ/。还要注意 rough 与 ruff 读音完全相同，是同音词。
Learn the forms together
页面下方列出了常见词形变化。学习时注意它们在句子中的语法位置。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.