1
ruff + [suit]
桥牌用语，指无法跟出同一花色时用将牌（王牌）赢下这一墩。
He ruffed the diamond.
他将吃了方块。
流苏鹬
先理解核心含义，再看它在真实句子里的用法。
流苏鹬
a common Eurasian sandpiper; the male has an erectile neck ruff in breeding season
He ruffed the diamond.
他将吃了方块。
服装上的圆形褶边或褶裥,尤其是伊丽莎白和詹姆斯一世时期英格兰(1560年代至1620年代)颈部上浆的管状褶边。
A circular frill or ruffle on a garment, especially a starched, fluted frill at the neck in Elizabethan and Jacobean England (1560s–1620s).
一种鱼,学名Arripis georgianus,见于澳大利亚南海岸凉爽水域。
A fish of species Arripis georgianus, found in cool waters off the southern coast of Australia
无法跟牌时出王牌的一次机会。
An instance of ruffing, or an opportunity to ruff, when unable to follow suit.
鼓的低沉颤音,比滚奏更轻；轻敲。
A low, vibrating beat of a drum, quieter than a roll; a ruffle.
In the bridge game, she ruffed the diamond with her last trump.
在桥牌游戏中，她用最后一张王牌将吃了方块。
He kept ruffing every heart lead, and soon his opponents stopped playing that suit.
他不断将吃红心领出的牌，很快对手就不再出红心了。
If you ruff too high, you may waste a winning trump.
如果你将吃得太高，可能会浪费一张赢墩王牌。
桥牌用语，指无法跟出同一花色时用将牌（王牌）赢下这一墩。
He ruffed the diamond.
他将吃了方块。
with 后接用来将吃的将牌；也可说 ruff with a trump。
She ruffed with a low spade.
她用一张小黑桃将吃。
这里 ruff 是可数名词，指鸟兽颈部的一圈羽毛；也指历史服饰中的环状皱领。
The male bird has a ruff of dark feathers around its neck.
雄鸟的脖子周围有一圈深色羽毛。
Not this
The bird has a rough on its neck.
Use this
The bird has a ruff on its neck.
rough 与 ruff 同音（/rʌf/），但 rough 是形容词，意为“粗糙的”，不能作名词表示鸟类颈部的皱领；此处应用名词 ruff。
Not this
In the card game, she ruff the king with a trump.
Use this
In the card game, she ruffed the king with a trump.
ruff 是规则动词，过去式必须加 -ed 变为 ruffed。汉语没有动词时态变化，学习者容易漏掉，但英语叙述过去事件时要用过去式。
Focus on the distinctions below. Other candidates are kept compact until a reliable usage note is available.
将吃一墩（桥牌中出将牌赢墩）
She ruffed the trick with a small trump.
她用一张小将牌将吃了这一墩。
将吃垫牌（桥牌打法）
The defender led a suit that allowed declarer a ruff and discard.
防守方出的一种花色给了庄家一个将吃垫牌的机会。
伊丽莎白时代的大轮状皱领
The courtiers wore white Elizabethan ruffs around their necks.
朝臣们脖子上戴着白色的伊丽莎白式轮状皱领。
雄性流苏鹬
The male ruff has an elaborate collar of feathers during the breeding season.
繁殖季节，雄性流苏鹬长有一圈精致的翎羽颈饰。
颈部的翎羽（轮状颈羽）
The bird raises its neck ruff to attract a mate.
这种鸟竖起颈部的翎羽来吸引配偶。
垫牌将吃（桥牌中，跟不出某花色时用将牌吃进并同时垫去另一门花色的牌）
At bridge, you can often make an extra trick by playing a ruff and sluff.
打桥牌时，你常能靠垫牌将吃多得一圈。
Use ruff naturally, then get feedback on meaning, tone, grammar, and phrasing.
Revisit a common error or keep this word in your review list.
发音同rough，想象打牌时“粗鲁”地甩出王牌将吃对手，ruff就是出王牌。
语域：mixed 常见场景：观鸟或鸟类图鉴、桥牌等牌类游戏规则与对局 该词不同释义各有特定场合：指鸟时通常出现在观鸟、鸟类图鉴或动物学语境中；指牌戏中以王牌取胜时，多用于桥牌等牌类游戏的规则说明和对局。两者都不属于日常通用口语，使用时要根据具体场景选择。
名词义涵盖鸟类、轮状皱领、梅花鲈及牌戏中的出王牌动作；动词义用于牌戏，表示出王牌。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.