Word · Frequency #2422
roughed
草拟;粗略地勾画
roughed is the past of rough.
核心释义
常与 out 连用
to create or prepare something in a rough, preliminary form
- 1.
粗略地制作。
To create in an approximate form.
- 2.
通过过度暴力违反规则。
To break the rules by being excessively violent.
- 3.
初步或粗略地准备
prepare in preliminary or sketchy form
- 4.
犯粗暴犯规,即击打其他球员。
To commit the offense of roughing, i.e. to punch another player.
- 5.
使粗糙;变粗糙。
To render rough; to roughen.
- 6.
训练(马等)以适应军事用途。
To break in (a horse, etc.), especially for military purposes.
- 7.
忍受原始条件。
To endure primitive conditions.
- 8.
磨糙马蹄铁以防止马滑动。
To roughen a horse's shoes to keep the animal from slipping.
过艰苦的生活;将就着过;(在体育比赛中)粗野对待;对…动粗;使粗糙;把…弄粗糙;驯服(马);训练(军马);把(马蹄铁)弄粗糙以防滑
用法In use
The architect roughed out the design on a napkin.
用法提示:roughed out 表示粗略起草,动词过去式。
She is roughing in the major plot points before writing the full story.
用法提示:roughing in 表示初步勾勒,现在分词。
He will rough out a first draft of the speech.
用法提示:rough out 表示草拟,动词原形。
rough sth out / rough out sth
表示只做出粗略的草稿或初稿;宾语是代词时要放在 out 之前。
She roughed out a plan for the new garden in ten minutes.
她用十分钟大致勾画出了新花园的方案。
rough it
固定说法,it 不能换成其他代词或名词,意思是过缺少舒适条件的生活。
相关词与表达Connections
搭配Collocations
- rough out
- 草拟;粗略勾画
- She roughed out a few ideas on paper.她在纸上草草写下了几个想法。
- rough up
- 殴打;对…动粗
- The thieves roughed him up before taking his wallet.小偷在拿走他钱包之前把他打了一顿。
- rough it
- 过艰苦简陋的生活
- We had to rough it in a tent during the storm.暴风雨期间我们只好在帐篷里将就着过。
- rough in
- 粗略安装;初步布置
- The electrician roughed in the wiring for the new room.电工为新房间粗略布好了电线。
习语与比喻表达
学习提示Learner notes
记忆技巧Memory Tip
动词 rough 可表示‘草拟、粗略勾画’(rough out),也可指‘对…动粗’。记住拼写 r-o-u-g-h,就是‘粗粗地做’的意思。
语境与语域Context & Register
语域:mixed 常见场景:drafting or design work、camping or travel without comforts、sports or physical conflict rough 作动词时,语气会随搭配变化:rough sth out(草拟/勾画雏形)比较中性,多用于设计、写作等需要先出粗略版本的场合;rough it(将就着过)多用于较口语化的叙述;体育中表示粗野犯规(如 roughing)时属于规则用语。总体没有单一正式程度,建议结合具体短语判断。
语法说明Grammar Note
常与 out 搭配使用,表示草拟、粗略地准备
发音与拼写Pronunciation & Spelling
与 rough /rʌf/ 押韵的有 tough /tʌf/ 和 enough /ɪˈnʌf/(都发 /ʌf/)。注意同样以 -ough 拼写的词发音差异很大:cough /kɒf/、though /ðoʊ/、through /θruː/、dough /doʊ/ 都不与 rough 押韵。
高价值词汇High-value vocabulary
该词属于 Oxford 核心词汇,值得优先掌握常见搭配和句型。
Dictionary facts from DICTIONARY_API_DEV, ECDICT, WIKTIONARY, WORDNET.