rough sth out / rough out sth
表示只做出粗略的草稿或初稿;宾语是代词时要放在 out 之前。
She roughed out a plan for the new garden in ten minutes.
她用十分钟大致勾画出了新花园的方案。
过艰苦的生活;将就着过;(在体育比赛中)粗野对待;对…动粗;使粗糙;把…弄粗糙;驯服(马);训练(军马);把(马蹄铁)弄粗糙以防滑
to create or prepare something in a rough, preliminary form
常与 out 连用
粗略地制作。
To create in an approximate form.
通过过度暴力违反规则。
To break the rules by being excessively violent.
初步或粗略地准备
prepare in preliminary or sketchy form
犯粗暴犯规,即击打其他球员。
To commit the offense of roughing, i.e. to punch another player.
使粗糙;变粗糙。
To render rough; to roughen.
训练(马等)以适应军事用途。
To break in (a horse, etc.), especially for military purposes.
忍受原始条件。
To endure primitive conditions.
磨糙马蹄铁以防止马滑动。
To roughen a horse's shoes to keep the animal from slipping.
一般现在时
She roughs out a sketch.
她粗略地画出草图。
past
He roughed the shape yesterday.
他昨天粗略地塑造了形状。
现在完成时
They have roughed in the design.
他们已经粗略地设计了方案。
常用于表示初步准备或粗略制作
The architect roughed out the design on a napkin.
建筑师在餐巾纸上草拟了设计。
用法提示:roughed out 表示粗略起草,动词过去式。
She is roughing in the major plot points before writing the full story.
她在写完整故事之前先草拟主要情节。
用法提示:roughing in 表示初步勾勒,现在分词。
He will rough out a first draft of the speech.
他将草拟演讲稿的初稿。
用法提示:rough out 表示草拟,动词原形。
表示只做出粗略的草稿或初稿;宾语是代词时要放在 out 之前。
She roughed out a plan for the new garden in ten minutes.
她用十分钟大致勾画出了新花园的方案。
固定说法,it 不能换成其他代词或名词,意思是过缺少舒适条件的生活。
The climbers had to rough it for a week without running water.
登山者们不得不在没有自来水的情况下将就了一个星期。
多用于冰球、美式橄榄球等比赛中,指用粗暴动作冲撞对方球员而犯规。
He was given a penalty for roughing an opposing player.
他因粗野冲撞对方球员而被判罚。
grammar · medium
易错句子Last week, they rough out a plan for the new project.
正确表达Last week, they roughed out a plan for the new project.
句中有明确过去时间 last week,动词 rough 是规则动词,过去式用 roughed;用原形 rough 会混淆时态。
grammar · medium
易错句子He was penalized for rough the quarterback.
正确表达He was penalized for roughing the quarterback.
介词 for 后必须接动名词,所以用 roughing,不能用动词原形 rough;这是固定搭配 be penalized for doing sth。
grammar · medium
易错句子We had to rough for a week without electricity.
正确表达We had to rough it for a week without electricity.
表示“过艰苦生活、将就”时用固定习语 rough it,it 是形式宾语,不能省略;rough 不能单独这样用。
两者都表示“使表面变粗糙”,但 roughen 是专门且常用的独立动词,语体中性、正式;rough 作这个意思时少见得多,常带技术或文学色彩,日常表达优先用 roughen。
rough 表示“动手打人”只限于体育比赛中的粗野犯规,是不及物用法;日常要说“殴打某人、把某人打一顿”,必须用短语动词 rough up 并带宾语,不能直接用 rough someone。
草拟;粗略勾画
She roughed out a few ideas on paper.
她在纸上草草写下了几个想法。
殴打;对…动粗
The thieves roughed him up before taking his wallet.
小偷在拿走他钱包之前把他打了一顿。
过艰苦简陋的生活
We had to rough it in a tent during the storm.
暴风雨期间我们只好在帐篷里将就着过。
粗略安装;初步布置
The electrician roughed in the wiring for the new room.
电工为新房间粗略布好了电线。
rough + -en
rough + -ness
rough + -ly
rough + house
rough + neck
与动词 rough 的“将就过艰苦生活”义相关,常出现在户外生存场景中。
“rough it”常指在荒野等地忍受原始简陋的条件。
强调在艰苦环境中设法活下来,与 rough 的“忍受艰难”义相关联。
指野外环境,是 rough 作“将就、凑合住”时的常见搭配语境。
简陋居住设施的典型例子,常与 rough it 的露营语境一起出现。
将就着过;过艰苦生活
We had to rough it in a tent for a week.
我们不得不在帐篷里将就着过了一个星期。
草拟;画出…的轮廓
She roughed out a sketch of the design.
她草拟了这张设计图的草图。
殴打;对…动粗
The gang threatened to rough him up if he didn't pay.
那帮人威胁说,如果他不付钱就揍他一顿。
《苦行记》
This is the title of Mark Twain's 1872 travel book about his journey through the American West. The phrase 'rough it' means to live without usual comforts, so the title describes the rough, uncomfortable living conditions Twain faced.
这是马克·吐温1872年出版的一部旅行作品的书名,讲述他在美国西部旅行的经历。短语“rough it”意为在没有通常舒适条件的条件下生活,因此书名描述了他所面临的艰苦、不便的生活处境。
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