rough out
collocation草拟；粗略勾画
She roughed out a few ideas on paper.
她在纸上草草写下了几个想法。
草拟；粗略地勾画
先理解核心含义，再看它在真实句子里的用法。
草拟；粗略地勾画
to create or prepare something in a rough, preliminary form
The architect roughed out the design on a napkin.
建筑师在餐巾纸上草拟了设计。
常与 out 连用
粗略地制作。
To create in an approximate form.
通过过度暴力违反规则。
To break the rules by being excessively violent.
初步或粗略地准备
prepare in preliminary or sketchy form
犯粗暴犯规,即击打其他球员。
To commit the offense of roughing, i.e. to punch another player.
rough
Base
原形
roughs
3rd person
第三人称单数
roughing
-ing
现在分词
roughed
Past
过去式
roughed
Past participle
过去分词
She roughs out a sketch.
她粗略地画出草图。
He roughed the shape yesterday.
他昨天粗略地塑造了形状。
They have roughed in the design.
他们已经粗略地设计了方案。
常用于表示初步准备或粗略制作
She is roughing in the major plot points before writing the full story.
她在写完整故事之前先草拟主要情节。
He will rough out a first draft of the speech.
他将草拟演讲稿的初稿。
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草拟；粗略勾画
She roughed out a few ideas on paper.
她在纸上草草写下了几个想法。
殴打；对…动粗
The thieves roughed him up before taking his wallet.
小偷在拿走他钱包之前把他打了一顿。
过艰苦简陋的生活
We had to rough it in a tent during the storm.
暴风雨期间我们只好在帐篷里将就着过。
粗略安装；初步布置
The electrician roughed in the wiring for the new room.
电工为新房间粗略布好了电线。
将就着过；过艰苦生活
We had to rough it in a tent for a week.
我们不得不在帐篷里将就着过了一个星期。
草拟；画出…的轮廓
She roughed out a sketch of the design.
她草拟了这张设计图的草图。
殴打；对…动粗
The gang threatened to rough him up if he didn't pay.
那帮人威胁说，如果他不付钱就揍他一顿。
《苦行记》
This is the title of Mark Twain's 1872 travel book about his journey through the American West. The phrase 'rough it' means to live without usual comforts, so the title describes the rough, uncomfortable living conditions Twain faced.
这是马克·吐温1872年出版的一部旅行作品的书名，讲述他在美国西部旅行的经历。短语“rough it”意为在没有通常舒适条件的条件下生活，因此书名描述了他所面临的艰苦、不便的生活处境。
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动词 rough 可表示‘草拟、粗略勾画’（rough out），也可指‘对…动粗’。记住拼写 r-o-u-g-h，就是‘粗粗地做’的意思。
语域：mixed 常见场景：drafting or design work、camping or travel without comforts、sports or physical conflict rough 作动词时，语气会随搭配变化：rough sth out（草拟/勾画雏形）比较中性，多用于设计、写作等需要先出粗略版本的场合；rough it（将就着过）多用于较口语化的叙述；体育中表示粗野犯规（如 roughing）时属于规则用语。总体没有单一正式程度，建议结合具体短语判断。
常与 out 搭配使用，表示草拟、粗略地准备
Dictionary facts from DICTIONARY_API_DEV, ECDICT, WIKTIONARY, WORDNET.