1
presume (that) clause
接that从句表示推测，that可省略。
I presume you are tired after your journey.
我猜想你旅途劳顿。
假定，推测
presumed — past of presume
先理解核心含义，再看它在真实句子里的用法。
假定，推测
take for granted or suppose to be true based on evidence
I presume you are tired after your journey.
我猜想你旅途劳顿。
无正当权限或许可而擅自(做某事)。
To be so presumptuous as (to do something) without proper authority or permission [with to (+ infinitive)].
假设或暗示(未经证实)为真；假定,假设。
To assume or suggest to be true (without proof); to take for granted, to suppose.
作为前提；为论证而假设。
To take as a premise; to assume for the sake of argument.
为了自己的利益而(对某人)施加影响；傲慢；利用(某物)；随意对待(某人)。
To impose (on) for one's advantage; to be presumptuous; to take advantage (of); to take liberties (with) [with on or upon].
presume
Base
原形
presumes
3rd person
第三人称单数
presuming
-ing
现在分词
presumed
Past
过去式
presumed
Past participle
过去分词
I presume you are tired.
我假定你累了。
He presumed to open the door.
他擅自开了门。
She has presumed on his kindness.
她利用了他的好意。
及物时接that从句或宾语+to be；不及物时常用presume on/upon表示利用或占便宜。
I presume you are tired after the long flight.
我猜经过长途飞行你一定很累了。
He presumed to borrow my car without asking.
他没问就擅自借了我的车。
Don't presume on his kindness too much.
别过分利用他的好心。
接that从句表示推测，that可省略。
I presume you are tired after your journey.
我猜想你旅途劳顿。
常用被动结构，后接不定式to be。
The patient is presumed to be dead.
假定病人已经死亡。
表示利用或占便宜，用于否定语境。
He presumed on our hospitality by staying for a month.
他利用我们的好客住了整整一个月。
Not this
He presumed my kindness.
Use this
He presumed on my kindness.
presume表示“利用”时是不及物动词，需要介词on或upon后接宾语，不能直接跟名词作宾语。
Not this
I presume him to come tomorrow.
Use this
I presume that he will come tomorrow.
presume表示“假定”时，后接that从句或宾语+to be，但不能接宾语+不定式表示将来动作；应改为that从句。
Focus on the distinctions below. Other candidates are kept compact until a reliable usage note is available.
假定…，推测…
I presume that the meeting will start on time.
我假定会议会准时开始。
被假定为
He is presumed to be innocent until proven guilty.
他在被证明有罪之前被假定为无罪。
擅自做某事，冒昧做某事
She presumed to tell me how to do my job.
她擅自告诉我该怎么做我的工作。
利用（关系、善意等）
Don't presume on their hospitality too much.
不要过分利用他们的热情好客。
推定同意
The law operates on presumed consent for organ donation.
该法律基于器官捐赠的推定同意运作。
推定有罪
The court does not presume guilt without evidence.
法院在没有证据的情况下不会推定有罪。
利用（某人的善意或弱点）
She felt he was presuming on her kindness.
她觉得他在利用她的善良。
冒昧地做；胆敢
Do not presume to criticize me.
不要胆敢批评我。
Use presumed naturally, then get feedback on meaning, tone, grammar, and phrasing.
Revisit a common error or keep this word in your review list.
pre（提前）+ sume（取自assume），提前假设，常带冒昧之意。
语域：正式。典型语境：法律论证、学术推理。注：presume表示“假定”时多用于正式书面语；表示“擅自”时亦常见于正式场合，如法律文本。
及物时接that从句或宾语+to be；不及物时常用presume on/upon表示利用或占便宜。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.