do penance (for sth)
do penance 是常用搭配，penance 在此表示“赎罪”，通常不可数；for 后接所悔过的过错。
He did penance for his lies by volunteering at the shelter.
他通过在收容所做义工来为他的谎言赎罪。
自我惩罚；赎罪；苦修
penances — plural of penance
忏悔圣事；告解圣事；苦修工具；自我惩罚的手段；因罪恶或过错而自愿施加的自我惩罚,可能意在为此行为赎罪。；某些基督教会中的圣礼,涉及忏悔(懊悔加祈祷弥补)。；任何自我惩罚的工具。
Voluntary punishment or suffering that a person takes on to show regret for a wrong act.
因罪恶或过错而自愿施加的自我惩罚,可能意在为此行为赎罪。
A voluntary self-imposed punishment for a sinful act or wrongdoing. It may be intended to serve as reparation for the act.
某些基督教会中的圣礼,涉及忏悔(懊悔加祈祷弥补)。
A sacrament in some Christian churches that involves penitence (remorse plus restitution via prayer).
任何自我惩罚的工具。
Any instrument of self-punishment.
He performed acts of penance to atone for his mistakes.
他通过做一些苦修来弥补自己的过错。
用法提示：penance作为名词，表示‘苦修’或‘赎罪’。
She considered volunteering at the shelter as a form of penance.
她把在收容所志愿服务视为一种赎罪的方式。
用法提示：penance作为名词，表示‘赎罪的方式’。
The church required the sinner to do penance for a month.
教会要求那个罪人做一个月的忏悔。
用法提示：penance作为名词，表示‘忏悔’或‘苦修’。
do penance 是常用搭配，penance 在此表示“赎罪”，通常不可数；for 后接所悔过的过错。
He did penance for his lies by volunteering at the shelter.
他通过在收容所做义工来为他的谎言赎罪。
as penance 作状语，说明行为的目的或性质；penance 在此不带冠词。
She gave up sweet food as penance for her harsh words.
她戒掉甜食，作为对自己刻薄言辞的苦修。
penance 指具体“补赎行为”时可作可数名词，复数形式为 penances。
The penance for the sin was three prayers.
这项罪过的补赎是念三遍祈祷文。
atonement 泛指‘赎罪’的行为或状态，不一定是自愿施加的自我惩罚；penance 指具体苦行或罚赎。宗教语境中 the Atonement 特指基督的救赎，使用时需注意。
expiation 较正式、偏文学，指通过受苦或偿还来消除罪债；penance 更常用，也常指教会圣事。日常口语中很少用 expiation。
reparation 侧重对实际损失或受害方的赔偿与修复，不强调自我惩罚或宗教性；penance 的核心是自愿受苦以赎罪。
amends 一般用于 make amends 短语，表示向受害方作出补偿；penance 是自我施加的苦修，不一定直接补偿他人。两者不能径直替换。
grammar · medium
易错句子He made penance for his mistakes.
正确表达He did penance for his mistakes.
英语中与 penance 搭配的动词是 do，不是 make；汉语的“做”虽可对应 do 和 make，但此处固定搭配为 do penance。
grammar · medium
易错句子He felt deep penance for what he had done.
正确表达He felt deep penitence for what he had done.
penance 指赎罪的行为或圣事，penitence 才指“悔罪、忏悔”这种内心情感；想表达“感到悔恨”要用 penitence。
grammar · medium
易错句子He did penance of his sins.
正确表达He did penance for his sins.
表示“为某罪过做苦修/赎罪”时，penance 后接介词 for，不接 of。
penance 指因罪过或过错而自愿施加的自我惩罚，reward 指因善行或成就而给予的奖赏，二者互为反向概念。
penance 指为赎罪而做的外在善工或圣事（如苦修、祈祷）；penitence 指内心的悔悟与懊悔，是一种情感而非行为。
penance 是自己出于宗教或道德自愿施加的惩罚；penalty 是由法律、规则或权威强加的处罚，常为罚款或刑罚。
penance 强调为罪过做出补偿的外在行为；repentance 强调对罪过的认识与决心改正，是内心的转向。
做苦修；赎罪
After the argument, he did penance by apologizing publicly.
争吵之后，他公开道歉作为赎罪。
赎罪的行为；苦修行为
Fasting was a common act of penance in the monastery.
禁食是修道院里常见的苦修行为。
公开忏悔；公开补赎
In early Christianity, murderers had to undergo public penance.
在早期基督教中，杀人者必须进行公开补赎。
为罪过所做的补赎
She saw her charity work as penance for her sins.
她把自己的慈善工作看作是为罪过所做的补赎。
规定补赎；令……做苦修
The priest imposed a penance of prayer and fasting.
神父规定以祈祷和禁食作为补赎。
忏悔圣事；告解圣事
Reconciliation and the Sacrament of Penance are central to Catholic life.
和好与忏悔圣事是天主教生活的核心。
penance 是對罪孽或過錯的自願懲罰，意在贖罪。
在基督教中，penance 常與懺悔（confession）相伴，作為贖罪過程的一部分。
悔罪與 penance 的目常在於獲得赦免。
penance 被視為贖罪的方式，有助於達成救贖。
罪疚感常促使人進行 penance 以彌補過錯。
我伸出手去，但并非为了赎罪。
In the musical Les Misérables, Javert sings this line while on the bridge, rejecting mercy and penance before his suicide.
在音乐剧《悲惨世界》中，沙威站在桥上唱出这句歌词，拒绝仁慈与赎罪，随后自杀。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY, WORDNET.