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incumbent + [noun]
incumbent 作形容词时意为“现任的”，放在官职或职位名词前作定语。
The incumbent senator voted against the bill.
现任参议员对该法案投了反对票。
在职者
incumbents — plural of incumbent
先理解核心含义，再看它在真实句子里的用法。
在职者
the current holder of an office
The incumbent senator voted against the bill.
现任参议员对该法案投了反对票。
现任者；在职者；(基督教)圣俸持有者。
The current holder of an office or title; (specifically, Christianity) the holder of an ecclesiastical benefice.
担任公职的官员
the official who holds an office
市场上或细分市场中的现有供应者,能赚取超额利润。
A holder of a position as supplier to a market or market segment that allows the holder to earn above-normal profits.
The incumbent won the election by a narrow margin.
现任者以微弱优势赢得了选举。
Voters often expect the incumbent to fix problems left by the previous government.
选民往往期望现任者解决上届政府遗留的问题。
In many races, incumbents have more campaign money than challengers.
在许多竞选中，现任者比挑战者拥有更多的竞选资金。
incumbent 作形容词时意为“现任的”，放在官职或职位名词前作定语。
The incumbent senator voted against the bill.
现任参议员对该法案投了反对票。
该结构的主语通常为 it，真正的主语是后面的不定式，表示“某人有责任做某事”。
It is incumbent on every citizen to obey the law.
每个公民都有义务遵守法律。
incumbent 作名词时指“在职者、现任者”，后可接 of 短语说明具体职位；复数形式为 incumbents。
The incumbent of the office resigned after the scandal.
该职位的现任者因丑闻辞职。
Not this
It is incumbent to the manager to report the issue.
Use this
It is incumbent on the manager to report the issue.
incumbent 作形容词表示“负有义务的”时，固定搭配是 be incumbent on/upon somebody，介词应用 on 或 upon，不能用 to。不要受中文“对……有义务”的影响而误用 to。
Not this
She is incumbent in this position.
Use this
She is the incumbent in this position.
incumbent 作名词表示“在职者”时是可数名词，前面必须加冠词 the；这里要说 the incumbent。不要因为中文“她是在职者”而漏掉冠词，也不要把它误当形容词使用。
Focus on the distinctions below. Other candidates are kept compact until a reliable usage note is available.
现任总统
The incumbent president is expected to win a second term.
现任总统预计将赢得第二个任期。
在位者优势；现任优势
The incumbent advantage can make it hard for newcomers to win.
在职者优势可能让新来者很难获胜。
是某人的责任；有义务做
It is incumbent on all employees to report any conflicts of interest.
所有员工都有义务报告任何利益冲突。
击败在任者
The challenger narrowly defeated the incumbent in the primary.
挑战者初选中以微弱优势击败了在任者。
是某人的职责；某人有义务做某事
It is incumbent on all citizens to respect the law.
遵守法律是所有公民应尽的义务。
Use incumbents naturally, then get feedback on meaning, tone, grammar, and phrasing.
Revisit a common error or keep this word in your review list.
联想 in-cum-bent 像 'in come bent'：现任者进门时被公务压弯腰。
语域：formal 常见场景：politics、business 「incumbent」作名词指“在职者、现任者”时，多用于正式或书面语境，比较常见于政治选举和商业竞争的报道中；日常对话中较少直接使用这个词。
Recumbent rhymes with incumbent, sharing the stressed vowel /ʌ/ and the ending /mbənt/ (the b is pronounced). Encumber, number, and lumber contain the same /ʌm/ + b sequence but end in /ər/, so they are lookalikes, not rhymes.
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, OCTANOVE, WIKTIONARY.