Word · Frequency #12304
hardness
硬度;坚硬
The quality of being hard; resistance to pressure or scratching, measured on the Mohs scale.
- 1.
The quality of being hard.
坚硬的性质;硬度。
- 2.
the property of being rigid and resistant to pressure; not easily scratched; measured on Mohs scale
刚性和抗压的特性;不易划伤;用莫氏硬度计量
- 3.
An instance of this quality; hardship.
这种性质的一个实例;艰难,困苦。
- 4.
a quality of water that contains dissolved mineral salts that prevent soap from lathering
含有溶解矿物盐的水质,阻止肥皂起泡的特性
- 5.
The quantity of calcium carbonate dissolved in water, usually expressed in parts per million (ppm).
溶解在水中的碳酸钙的量,通常以百万分率(ppm)表示。
- 6.
devoid of passion or feeling; hardheartedness
无情或冷酷
- 7.
The resistance to scratching, cutting, indentation or abrasion of a metal or other solid material.
金属或其他固体材料对刮擦、切割、压痕或磨损的抵抗能力。
- 8.
The penetrating ability of electromagnetic radiation, such as x-rays; generally, the shorter the wavelength, the harder and more penetrating the radiation.
电磁辐射(如X射线)的穿透能力;通常波长越短,辐射越硬,穿透力越强。
- 9.
The measure of resistance to damage of a facility, equipment, installation, or telecommunications infrastructure when subjected to attack.
设施、设备、装置或电信基础设施在遭受攻击时抵抗损坏的度量。
- 10.
A measure of how hard a material is.
衡量材料硬度的一种度量。
坚硬的性质;硬度。;刚性和抗压的特性;不易划伤;用莫氏硬度计量;这种性质的一个实例;艰难,困苦。;含有溶解矿物盐的水质,阻止肥皂起泡的特性;溶解在水中的碳酸钙的量,通常以百万分率(ppm)表示。
In use
The hardness of diamond makes it useful for cutting glass.
You can compare the hardness of minerals using the Mohs scale.
The hardness of this steel is tested before it is used in building.
the costs of reducing hardness depend on the relative amounts of calcium and magnesium compounds that are present
the hardness of [material]
hardness 通常作不可数名词,表示某物的坚硬程度,常与 of 连用。
The hardness of steel makes it a common choice for tools.
钢的硬度使其成为制作工具的常见选择。
have a hardness of [number]
谈论具体硬度数值时,用 have a hardness of 加数字;提及莫氏硬度可用 on the Mohs scale。
Diamond has a hardness of 10 on the Mohs scale.
Connections
Collocations
- hardness test
- 硬度测试
- The engineer carried out a hardness test on the metal sample.工程师对金属样品进行了硬度测试。
- water hardness
- 水硬度
- High water hardness can leave white deposits on faucets.高水硬度会在水龙头上留下白色沉积物。
- Mohs hardness
- 莫氏硬度
- Diamond has a Mohs hardness of 10.钻石的莫氏硬度为10。
- Vickers hardness
- 维氏硬度
- The Vickers hardness of this ceramic is exceptionally high.这种陶瓷的维氏硬度异常高。
- hardness value
- 硬度值
- The hardness value here is measured in units of pressure.这里的硬度值以压力单位测量。
- high hardness
Learner notes
Memory Tip
把 hard(硬)和名词后缀 -ness 连在一起,就是“硬度”;想象钻石在莫氏硬度表上划玻璃。
Context & Register
语域:formal 常见场景:材料科学、矿物学、物理测试、工程技术 表示物理性质“硬度”时,通常用于材料科学、矿物学等正式或技术性语境;日常口语中较少单独使用,比较常见于硬度测试、摩氏硬度等书面表达。
Pronunciation & Spelling
这些词都以 -ness 结尾,后缀发音为 /nəs/,但都不与 hardness /ˈhɑrdnəs/ 完全押韵,因为 hardness 的重读元音 /ɑr/ 后还有 /d/ 音,形成 /-rd nəs/。注意 harness /ˈhɑrnəs/ 拼写与 hardness 很像,但缺少 /d/ 音,读音不同。darkness /ˈdɑrknəs/ 和 sharpness /ˈʃɑrpnəs/ 虽然也有 /ɑr/,但后面分别接 /k/ 和 /p/,不押韵;witness /ˈwɪtnəs/ 和 kindness /ˈkaɪndnəs/ 的元音也各不相同。
Learn the forms together
页面下方列出了常见词形变化。学习时注意它们在句子中的语法位置。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.