1
harden sth
及物，表示使某物变得坚硬。
The cold weather hardened the ground.
寒冷的天气使地面变硬。
变硬；变冷酷
hardening — present participle of harden
先理解核心含义，再看它在真实句子里的用法。
变硬；变冷酷
become hard or harder
The cold weather hardened the ground.
寒冷的天气使地面变硬。
变硬。
To become hard.
加强。
To strengthen.
修改(网站或其他系统)以抵御恶意攻击。
To modify (a website or other system) to make it resistant to malicious attacks.
使(人或事物)变得有抵抗力或不太敏感。
To become or make (a person or thing) resistant or less sensitive.
harden
Base
原形
hardens
3rd person
第三人称单数
hardening
-ing
现在分词
hardened
Past
过去式
hardened
Past participle
过去分词
Water hardens when frozen.
水结冰时会变硬。
The glue will harden in about an hour.
这种胶水大约一小时后会变硬。
The cold weather hardened the ground overnight.
一夜之间，寒冷的天气使地面变硬了。
The repeated failures hardened his resolve to succeed.
反复的失败使他成功的决心更加坚定。
及物，表示使某物变得坚硬。
The cold weather hardened the ground.
寒冷的天气使地面变硬。
不及物，表示自身变硬。
The glue had hardened overnight.
胶水过了一夜变硬了。
指对某事变得冷酷或坚强。
He hardened his heart against her pleas.
他硬起心肠，对她的恳求无动于衷。
Not this
The glue hard quickly.
Use this
The glue hardens quickly.
harden是动词，表示‘变硬’，而hard是形容词。在需要动词时，应使用harden的正确形式，如第三人称单数hardens。
Not this
It harded quickly.
Use this
It hardened quickly.
harden是规则动词，其过去式和过去分词为hardened，而非harded。规则动词加-ed时，harden直接加-ed构成hardened。
Focus on the distinctions below. Other candidates are kept compact until a reliable usage note is available.
使心肠变硬，变得冷酷无情
He hardened his heart against her pleas.
他对她的恳求硬起了心肠。
态度变得强硬
The government hardened its attitude towards the protesters.
政府对抗议者的态度变得更加强硬。
淬火使钢硬化
The blacksmith hardened the steel by plunging it into cold water.
铁匠将钢浸入冷水中使其硬化。
使（植物）逐渐适应室外环境
You need to harden off the seedlings before planting them outside.
在把幼苗移植到室外之前，你需要先让它们逐渐适应环境。
坚定决心
The setback only hardened her resolve to succeed.
这次挫折反而坚定了她成功的决心。
对...变得冷酷/抵触
He hardened himself against any feelings of sympathy.
他让自己对任何同情心都变得冷漠。
硬起心肠
She hardened her heart and refused to forgive him.
她硬起心肠，拒绝原谅他。
坚定决心
The tragedy hardened his resolve to fight for justice.
这场悲剧坚定了他为正义而战的决心。
使某人的立场强硬
The new evidence hardened the prosecutor's stance.
新证据使得检察官的立场更加强硬。
使我的心变硬
She hardened her heart against him.
她对他硬起了心肠。
Use hardening naturally, then get feedback on meaning, tone, grammar, and phrasing.
Revisit a common error or keep this word in your review list.
联想NBA球星詹姆斯·哈登（James Harden），其姓氏与单词拼写相同，发音相似，他打球风格强硬，像金属一样‘变硬’。
['使变硬']用法比较常见于具体物体或材料的硬化过程，例如金属、塑料等工业场景；['使坚强, 使冷酷']多用于抽象意义，如性格或态度的转变。语域倾向于中性，但情感色彩可能偏负面（如'使冷酷'）。典型语境：材料科学、日常描述（如'使立场强硬'）。
Only 'garden' and 'pardon' rhyme with 'harden'. Words like 'warden', 'burden', 'sudden', 'wooden' have different vowel sounds and do not rhyme.
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.