a groveling + noun
作定语，常修饰 apology、letter、tone 等名词，含贬义。
He gave a groveling apology after the meeting.
会议结束后，他低声下气地道了歉。
卑躬屈膝的；奴颜婢膝的
趴伏的；匍匐的；表现出过度的奴颜婢膝的尊敬或屈从,通常是为了获得好感或宽恕。；动物腹部或脸朝向地面；匍匐的；卑躬屈节的
表现出过度的奴颜婢膝的尊敬或屈从,通常是为了获得好感或宽恕。
Showing excessive, servile respect or submission, often to gain favor or forgiveness.
动物腹部或脸朝向地面
Of an animal, having the belly or face towards or on the ground.
The dog was groveling at its owner's feet, begging for forgiveness.
那只狗趴在主人脚边，乞求原谅。
用法提示：形容词groveling描述狗匍匐在地的卑躬姿态。
His groveling apology was so excessive that it made everyone uncomfortable.
他那卑躬屈节的道歉过分得让所有人都感到不自在。
用法提示：形容词groveling修饰apology，强调道歉时极度卑微的态度。
She refused to engage in groveling behavior just to get a promotion.
她拒绝为了升职而做出卑躬屈膝的行为。
用法提示：形容词groveling修饰behavior，表示讨好上司的低声下气举动。
作定语，常修饰 apology、letter、tone 等名词，含贬义。
He gave a groveling apology after the meeting.
会议结束后，他低声下气地道了歉。
作方式状语，强调态度过分恭顺。
She wrote to him in a groveling manner, hoping for forgiveness.
她以卑躬屈膝的方式给他写信，希望得到原谅。
so...that 结构表示程度导致的结果。
His flattery was so groveling that everyone felt uncomfortable.
他的奉承如此奴颜婢膝，以至于大家都感到不舒服。
grammar · medium
易错句子He answered groveling when the manager questioned him.
正确表达He answered in a groveling manner when the manager questioned him.
英语形容词不能直接修饰动词作状语；要用 in a ... manner/way 这样的介词短语（或派生副词）。中文形容词可直接作状语，所以容易漏掉介词结构。
grammar · medium
易错句子He gave a groveling to his boss.
正确表达He gave a groveling apology to his boss.
groveling 是形容词，不能单独作 gave 的宾语；必须后接名词如 apology、behavior 或 bow。中文有时可用形容词转指行为，但英语需要中心名词。
grammar · medium
易错句子The baby was groveling across the living room floor.
正确表达The baby was crawling across the living room floor.
groveling 指因乞求、顺从而趴伏或卑躬屈膝，不表示婴儿用手和膝盖爬行；表示“爬行”要用 crawl。中文“爬/匍匐”不能都译成 groveling。
两者拼写相近、读音也接近，但 growling 指人或动物发出低沉连续的吼声，与屈服无关；groveling 则指奴颜婢膝地讨好，或身体趴伏在地。听到低沉的喉音用 growling，描述低声下气的姿态用 groveling。
fawning 侧重用甜言蜜语恭维、讨好别人，讨好者未必贬低自己；groveling 强调自贬身份、低声下气地屈从，常带有丧失尊严的意味。只是嘴上奉承用 fawning，实际做出卑微姿态用 groveling。
obsequious 是较正式的书面词，指殷勤顺从到令人反感，多作定语或表语修饰人及其态度；groveling 语体更中性偏口语，还常指身体趴伏的动作。正式评论文章用 obsequious，描写具体低头哈腰的举动用 groveling。
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