soil sth
及物用法，宾语多为衣物、布料、表面等具体物体。
The muddy dog soiled the clean carpet.
那只满身泥的狗把干净的地毯弄脏了。
弄脏；变脏
soiling — present participle of soil
因失禁弄脏衣裤；拉在裤子里；玷污；使蒙羞；使无效；毁掉；给…施肥；施粪肥；用青饲料圈喂（牲畜）
to make or become dirty
弄脏
To make dirty.
在棚内或围栏中用新鲜草料或切割的绿色食物喂养牲畜；因此(由于这种食物有清理作用)通过喂绿色食物来清理
To feed, as cattle or horses, in the barn or an enclosure, with fresh grass or green food cut for them, instead of sending them out to pasture; hence (due to such food having the effect of purging them) to purge by feeding on green food.
变脏或被弄脏
To become dirty or soiled.
玷污或损害名誉；使蒙羞
To stain or mar, as with infamy or disgrace; to tarnish; to sully.
因意外排便而弄脏衣物
To dirty one's clothing by accidentally defecating while clothed.
使无效,毁坏
To make invalid, to ruin.
用土壤或肥料使肥沃
To enrich with soil or muck; to manure.
一般现在时
He soils his hands when gardening.
他园艺时弄脏手。
现在进行时
The children are soiling their clothes in the mud.
孩子们正在泥里弄脏衣服。
一般过去时
She soiled her dress yesterday.
她昨天弄脏了裙子。
规则动词
Don't soil your new shirt with paint.
别用颜料弄脏你的新衬衫。
用法提示：此处 soil 是及物动词原形，表示“弄脏”，后接宾语 your new shirt。
The children soiled their clothes while playing in the garden.
孩子们在花园玩耍时弄脏了衣服。
用法提示：soiled 是 soil 的过去式，作及物动词，表示“弄脏”的动作。
The white curtains were soiled by smoke from the kitchen.
白色窗帘被厨房的烟熏脏了。
用法提示：soiled 是 soil 的过去分词，用于被动语态，表示“被弄脏”。
及物用法，宾语多为衣物、布料、表面等具体物体。
The muddy dog soiled the clean carpet.
那只满身泥的狗把干净的地毯弄脏了。
反身用法，指因大小便失禁弄脏衣裤，说法较为委婉；也可说 soil one's clothes。
The sick child soiled himself during the night.
那个生病的孩子夜里把衣裤弄脏了。
强调衣物或表面变脏的结果，不说明是谁弄脏的。
Her white dress quickly got soiled in the garden.
她的白裙子在花园里很快就弄脏了。
比喻用法，宾语常为 reputation、name 等抽象名词，语气偏书面。
The scandal soiled the company's reputation.
这桩丑闻玷污了公司的声誉。
最常用中性词，可直接替换 soil 的“弄脏”义；但语气更随意，不用于比喻性玷污。
强调污渍的持久性和颜色痕迹，常指液体或颜料造成；不用于抽象的玷污。
多用于环境或生态场景，不用于“弄脏衣服”等日常义；语气正式，且带有有害物意味。
本义指金属变暗，比喻义指玷污名誉、形象，不用于具体污垢。
书面色彩浓，几乎不用于物理弄脏，只用于抽象意义的玷污。
grammar · medium
易错句子The children soiled on the carpet.
正确表达The children soiled the carpet.
soil 表示“弄脏某物”时是及物动词，后面直接接被弄脏的东西作宾语，不能像不及物动词那样加介词 on。汉语“孩子们在地毯上弄脏了”容易让人按地点状语的语序写成 soiled on the carpet，但英语里 on the carpet 会变成另一个地点短语，句子就不通；直接用 soiled the carpet 才表达“把地毯弄脏了”。
grammar · medium
易错句子His reputation was soiled by the scandal, and now nobody trusts him.
正确表达His reputation was tarnished by the scandal, and now nobody trusts him.
soil 用于“玷污名誉”时多为较旧的书面用法，现代英语谈论名誉、名声受损通常用 tarnish（也可用 damage、ruin）。把 soiled 换成 tarnished 保留“名誉被丑闻损害”的意思，同时符合当代搭配，避免生硬或过时的表达。
grammar · medium
易错句子Don't soil your hands on the dirty wall.
正确表达Don't soil your hands on that dirty wall.
soil 是及物动词，意思是“弄脏（某物）”，不能说“soil one's hands on something”，因为 on the dirty wall 表示接触的地方，不是 soil 所要求的宾语结构。表示“别让手碰到脏墙而弄脏”应改用 get/make 等结构，如 Don't get your hands dirty on that dirty wall.，而不能把 soil 用作这种“接触某处而变脏”的及物结构。
针对“弄脏、使变脏”这个动词义项：clean 强调去除污垢，与 soil 的“使变脏”相反；注意此处 clean 是动词，作“弄干净”讲。
针对“玷污、使蒙羞”的引申义项：purify 强调清除道德或名誉上的污点；若指普通表面弄脏，用 clean 更自然，二者不可随意互换。
拉在裤子里；失禁弄脏自己
The elderly patient was embarrassed after soiling himself.
那位老年病人因拉在裤子里而感到尴尬。
弄脏手；做不光彩的事
He refused to soil his hands with corruption.
他拒绝因腐败而玷污自己的双手。
玷污名誉
The scandal soiled the politician's reputation.
这桩丑闻玷污了那位政客的名誉。
弄脏自己的手；做不光彩的事
He refused to soil his hands by taking bribes.
他拒绝受贿，免得弄脏自己的手。
吓得拉裤子；极度惊恐
I almost soiled myself when I saw the bill.
我看到账单时差点吓尿了。
吓得拉裤子；魂飞魄散
He nearly soiled his pants when the dog lunged at him.
狗扑向他时，他差点吓得拉裤子。
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