scratch sth
scratch 作及物动词时直接跟被挠或被划的部位、物品,如 scratch one's head(挠头)、scratch the itch(挠痒)。
She scratched the mosquito bite until it bled.
她把蚊子咬的包挠到出血。
挠;搔;抓(痒)
scratching — present participle of scratch
划花;划出痕迹;抓伤;挠伤;划掉;删去;勾掉;退赛;退出(比赛);潦草地写;乱涂
To rub a part of your body with your nails, claws, etc., especially to stop an itch.
用尖锐物体摩擦表面,尤指生物用指甲、爪子等挠痒。
To rub a surface with a sharp object, especially by a living creature to remove itching with nails, claws, etc.
用粗糙的材料摩擦皮肤引起刺激感;导致瘙痒。
To rub the skin with rough material causing a sensation of irritation; to cause itching.
用尖锐物体在表面留下划痕。
To mark a surface with a sharp object, thereby leaving a scratch (noun).
获得这样的划痕。
To get such scratches.
在页面上划掉、删除某些文字。
To cross out, strike out, strike through some text on a page.
通过来回移动黑胶唱片并操控交叉推子在唱盘上产生独特声音。
To produce a distinctive sound on a turntable by moving a vinyl record back and forth while manipulating the crossfader (see also scratching).
在台球中犯规,如母球进袋或跳出台面。
To commit a foul in pool, as where the cue ball is put into a pocket or jumps off the table.
匆忙或笨拙地写或画;潦草书写。
To write or draw hastily or awkwardly; scrawl.
用爪子挖掘。
To dig or excavate with the claws.
用爪子或指甲挖或刮(某人的皮肤)以自卫或故意伤害。
To dig or scrape (a person's skin) with claws or fingernails in self-defense or with the intention to injure.
宣布退出先前报名参加的体育赛事,通常是为了参加同一赛会的另一项目。
To announce one's non-participation in a race or sports event part of a larger sports meeting that one was previously signed up for, usually in lieu of another event at the same meeting.
一般现在时
The cat scratches the furniture.
猫抓家具。
一般过去时
He scratched his arm on a branch.
他胳膊被树枝划伤了。
现在完成时
She has scratched the paint off the wall.
她已经把墙上的油漆刮掉了。
The cat is scratching the door.
猫正在抓门。
用法提示:这里 scratching 是现在分词,表示'抓挠'。
He scratched his arm where the mosquito bit him.
他挠了挠蚊子叮咬的手臂。
用法提示:这里 scratched 是过去式,表示'挠痒'。
We had to scratch the whole plan.
我们不得不取消整个计划。
用法提示:这里 scratch 是动词原形,跟在 had to 后,表示'取消'。
scratch 作及物动词时直接跟被挠或被划的部位、物品,如 scratch one's head(挠头)、scratch the itch(挠痒)。
She scratched the mosquito bite until it bled.
她把蚊子咬的包挠到出血。
at 后接被反复抓挠的表面或物体,多指动物用爪子或用指甲抓。
The puppy scratched at the door to be let in.
小狗抓门,想让人把它放进来。
表示用尖锐物在某个表面上刻出或划出痕迹,on 后接被划的表面。
He scratched his name on the wooden desk.
他在木桌上刻下了自己的名字。
scratch out 意为划掉、删去,可分开使用(scratch sth out);宾语是代词时要放在中间,如 scratch it out。
She scratched out the last line of her essay.
她划掉了文章的最后一行。
scrape 多指皮肤或物体表面被粗糙物擦过而受损;scratch 可指用指甲或尖锐物划出细痕,也可表示搔痒。
graze 只用于皮肤,且伤势很浅;scratch 还可用于无生命的物体表面或抓痒。
claw 动作通常更猛烈,有伤害或防御的意味;scratch 可以是无意的或仅为止痒。
score 强调在表面刻出较深或规则的线痕;scratch 的痕迹通常更浅、更随意。
grammar · medium
易错句子My back is scratching.
正确表达My back itches.
表示“发痒”这一感觉时,英语用不及物动词 itch,主语是身体部位:My back itches。scratch 是“挠、抓”的动作,主语通常是人或动物主动去挠,不能用来表示部位自己发痒;若说 My back got scratched,意思是被划伤,与“痒”无关。汉语“痒”既可指感觉,也可指挠的动作,因此容易误用 scratch。
grammar · medium
易错句子Please itch my back.
正确表达Please scratch my back.
itch 作“发痒”讲时是不及物动词,不能带宾语,所以“itch my back”不成立。要表达“帮我挠背”必须用及物动词 scratch,构成 scratch one's back。汉语一个“痒”字兼指感觉和挠的动作,学习者常把 itch 当及物动词用。
grammar · medium
易错句子There are many scratch on the table.
正确表达There are many scratches on the table.
scratch 表示“划痕”时是可数名词,前面有 many 或数量超过一个时必须用复数形式 scratches。汉语名词不通过词形变化表示单复数,学习者容易漏掉词尾 -s,把可数名词的复数原形直接用。
此处 scratch 义为“(赛前)退出已报名的比赛”,与 enter(报名参加)互为反义;enter 强调报名加入,scratch 强调退赛,不能表示一般意义的“离开”。
scrape 指用硬物紧贴表面刮,往往把表层刮掉或刮坏(如 scrape the paint off);scratch 只是轻划留下痕迹,或为解痒而挠。两者都可指擦伤皮肤,但 scrape 多指大面积擦破,scratch 多指细长划伤。
itch 指“痒”这种感觉本身,多作不及物动词(My back itches),也可作名词;scratch 指为解痒而“挠”这个动作。说身上痒要挠时,用 itch 说感觉、用 scratch 说动作,不能互换。
claw 一定含“用爪子或指甲抓”,带攻击、撕扯意味,常与 at 连用;scratch 可指用指甲轻挠解痒,也可指物体被划出痕迹,语气更轻、用法更广。
挠痒
He scratched the itch on his arm.
他挠了挠胳膊上发痒的地方。
划掉
Please scratch out the wrong word and write the correct one.
请划掉错误的单词并写下正确的。
刮唱片
The DJ scratched a record live on stage.
DJ 在舞台上现场刮唱片。
抓门
The cat scratched at the door until I let her in.
猫一直抓门,直到我放它进来。
划花汽车
Be careful not to scratch your car when parking in that narrow garage.
在那个狭窄的车库里停车时,小心别划花你的车。
scratch + -y
scratch + -y + -ness
scratch + pad
scratch + paper
scratch + card
触及皮毛;浅尝辄止
The report only scratches the surface of the problem.
这份报告只是触及了问题的皮毛。
帮某人的忙(尤指为日后回报)
If you scratch my back, I'll scratch yours.
你帮我一把,我也帮你一把。
感到困惑;冥思苦想
The sudden change left everyone scratching their heads.
这个突然的变化让所有人都感到困惑。
你帮我挠背,我也帮你挠背。
This saying uses the literal action of scratching an itch to describe mutual favors, meaning one good turn deserves another.
这句谚语用挠痒这一具体动作来比喻互相帮助,意思是你帮别人,别人也会帮你。
揭开情人的外表,看到的是敌人。
To scratch beneath a lover's charming surface, as this line suggests, is to uncover an enemy.
正如这句话所暗示的,揭开情人迷人的外表,就会暴露一个敌人。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.
抓伤某人的脸
The two boys started fighting and one scratched the other's face.
两个男孩打了起来,其中一个抓伤了另一个的脸。