roughen something
The sandpaper roughens the surface.
砂纸使表面变粗糙。
(使)变粗糙
变得粗糙
make or become rough or rougher
使变粗糙
To make rough.
变得粗糙
To become rough.
一般现在时
The surface roughens with age.
表面随着时间变粗糙。
一般过去时
He roughened the edges.
他使边缘变粗糙了。
现在完成时
The cloth has roughened over time.
布料随时间变粗糙了。
规则动词
The constant rubbing roughened the surface of the table.
不断的摩擦使桌面变得粗糙。
用法提示：此处 'roughened' 为过去式，表示“使变得粗糙”的动作已完成。
Exposure to wind and salt water is roughening the wooden deck.
风吹和盐水浸泡使木甲板变得粗糙。
用法提示：此处 'is roughening' 为现在进行时，表示正在使表面变粗糙的过程。
Harsh chemicals roughen the skin if used too often.
如果使用过于频繁，刺激性化学物质会使皮肤变得粗糙。
用法提示：此处 'roughen' 为一般现在时动词原形，表示一种普遍情况或规律。
The sandpaper roughens the surface.
砂纸使表面变粗糙。
强调程度更强。
The wind roughened up the lake.
风使湖面变得波涛汹涌。
The skin roughens in the cold.
皮肤在寒冷中变得粗糙。
grammar · medium
易错句子The roughen surface is unpleasant.
正确表达The rough surface is unpleasant.
中文学习者常将动词'roughen'误用作形容词直接修饰名词，但英语中形容词应为'rough'或过去分词'roughened'。本句中需用形容词'rough'来描述表面状态。
grammar · medium
易错句子He roughen the metal yesterday.
正确表达He roughened the metal yesterday.
'roughen'是规则动词，过去式应加-ed变为'roughened'。学习者易忽略词尾变化的规则。
grammar · medium
易错句子The roughen of the table is noticeable.
正确表达The roughness of the table is noticeable.
学习者误将动词'roughen'用作名词，英语中应使用名词'roughness'表示粗糙度。
rough为形容词，描述状态；roughen为动词，表示使变成粗糙的状态。
coarsen指使质地或结构变粗，往往用于非表面；roughen指使表面变粗糙。
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