recalcitrant + noun
The recalcitrant student refused to follow the rules.
那个顽抗的学生拒绝遵守规则。
桀骜不驯的；拒不服从的
顽强抵抗权威的；顽固反抗权威的；反抗的；反对的；顽抗的
recalcitrant
顽强抵抗权威的
stubbornly resistant to authority or control
顽固反抗权威的
marked by stubborn resistance to authority
The recalcitrant student refused to follow the teacher's instructions.
那个桀骜不驯的学生拒绝听从老师的指示。
用法提示：recalcitrant 作形容词，修饰学生，表示顽固抗拒权威。
AI contextual example
Despite several warnings, the recalcitrant employee kept ignoring the safety rules.
尽管多次警告，那个不服管教的员工仍然无视安全规定。
用法提示：recalcitrant 作定语形容词，描述员工拒不服从管理。
AI contextual example
The recalcitrant horse would not let anyone put a saddle on it.
那匹倔强的马不让任何人给它装上马鞍。
用法提示：recalcitrant 作形容词，形容马抗拒被人控制。
AI contextual example
The recalcitrant student refused to follow the rules.
那个顽抗的学生拒绝遵守规则。
He was recalcitrant despite repeated warnings.
尽管一再警告，他仍顽抗。
The prisoner remained recalcitrant during interrogation.
那名囚犯在审讯期间依然顽抗。
grammar · medium
易错句子He recalcitrants the teacher's instructions.
正确表达He is recalcitrant to the teacher's instructions.
recalcitrant 是形容词，不能用作动词。正确用法是 be recalcitrant to + 名词，表示‘对…顽抗’。
grammar · medium
易错句子The student is recalcitrant against the new rules.
正确表达The student is recalcitrant to the new rules.
recalcitrant 表示‘反抗的’，通常后接介词 to 而非 against，表示反抗的对象。
recalcitrant 强调对权威或控制的顽固抵抗，常含不满情绪；rebellious 指公开反抗权威，尤指试图推翻或违背
recalcitrant 侧重拒绝服从权威；stubborn 指不易改变主意或行动，不一定针对权威
recalcitrant 常用于人拒绝服从；refractory 可指人、动物或材料难以控制或处理
难管束的孩子
The teacher struggled to control the recalcitrant child.
老师很难管住这个难管束的孩子。
不服管教的学生
Even strict teachers sometimes fail with recalcitrant students.
即使严格的老师有时也拿不服管教的学生没办法。
对抗管理的员工
The manager decided to dismiss the recalcitrant employee.
经理决定解雇那名对抗管理的员工。
抗拒的态度
His recalcitrant attitude made the negotiation impossible.
他抗拒的态度使谈判无法进行。
叛逆行为
The school has a policy for dealing with recalcitrant behavior.
学校有处理叛逆行为的政策。
re-（回、反）+ calcitr-（拉丁语“踢”，源自calx“脚跟”）+ -ant（形容词后缀）；同源词：recalcitrance（倔强，反抗），recalcitrate（反抗）。
recalcitrant 指对权威或控制的顽固抵抗，权威是被抵抗的对象。
recalcitrant 行为常被形容为反叛，二者属于对权力不服从的同一语义场。
面对 recalcitrant 的人或行为，常需要纪律或管教来约束。
对 recalcitrant 行为通常会有惩罚或制裁作为后果。
recalcitrant 常用来形容不守规矩的学生，学校是常见语境。
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