punitive [noun]
punitive 用于名词前作定语,表示“惩罚性的”;punitive damages 是法律术语。
The court awarded punitive damages.
法院判给惩罚性赔偿金。
惩罚性的;刑罚的
施加惩罚的;惩罚性的。;施加惩罚的;惩罚性的;[法] 刑罚的
施加惩罚的;惩罚性的。
Inflicting punishment; punishing.
施加惩罚的
inflicting punishment
The court imposed punitive damages on the company for its dishonest behavior.
法院因公司的不诚实行为对其处以惩罚性赔偿。
用法提示:这里 punitive 作定语修饰 damages,表示“惩罚性的”。
AI contextual example
Some parents believe that punitive measures are less effective than patient guidance.
一些家长认为惩罚性措施不如耐心的引导有效。
用法提示:punitive 作定语修饰 measures,强调“惩罚性的”。
AI contextual example
The new rules include punitive fines for anyone who breaks them.
新规定包括对违规者的惩罚性罚款。
用法提示:punitive 作定语修饰 fines,表达“惩罚性的”。
AI contextual example
punitive 用于名词前作定语,表示“惩罚性的”;punitive damages 是法律术语。
The court awarded punitive damages.
法院判给惩罚性赔偿金。
punitive 作表语时,说明所描述的措施具有惩罚性质。
The fines were punitive.
这些罚款是惩罚性的。
penal 多用于法律、刑法语境,punitive 更通用,可用于各种惩罚性措施;固定短语 punitive damages 不宜改用 penal damages。
disciplinary 侧重机构内部对违反纪律的惩戒,punitive 则强调惩罚性本身,不必然与纪律有关。
retributive 强调因过错而施以报应或报复,带有较强道德或情感色彩;punitive 语气中性,不涉及报复动机。
correctional 侧重通过惩罚达到矫正、改造的目的,常见于监狱或矫正机构;punitive 不必然包含改造目标。
grammar · medium
易错句子He was punitive by the court for his crime.
正确表达He was punished by the court for his crime.
punitive 是形容词,意为“惩罚性的”,不能作谓语动词;应使用 punish 的过去分词 punished 构成被动语态。
grammar · medium
易错句子The teacher gave him a punish look.
正确表达The teacher gave him a punitive look.
punish 是动词,不能直接修饰名词;修饰名词要用形容词 punitive。
grammar · medium
易错句子The new law is punitive to small businesses.
正确表达The new law is punitive toward small businesses.
受汉语“对……有惩罚性”影响误用 to;英语中 punitive 后接 toward 或 against 表示对象。
指处罚或对待方式宽厚、不严厉,与惩罚性的严厉相对。
侧重愿意减轻或免除惩罚,强调同情心。
强调倾向于原谅过错,而不追究惩罚。
指惩罚、批评等不严厉,程度轻。
正式用词,指处罚宽容,也可指气候温和。
penal 多修饰制度、法典等(如 penal system/code),指“与刑罚相关的”;punitive 则指“作为惩罚而施加的”(如 punitive action/damages)。注意二者搭配范围不同。
punishable 表示“(行为)应受惩罚的”,主语是行为或罪行;punitive 表示“施加惩罚的”,主语通常是措施、行动或政策。一个是承受惩罚,一个是施行惩罚。
惩罚性赔偿
The court awarded punitive damages to deter the company from repeating its misconduct.
法院判给惩罚性赔偿,以阻止该公司再次不当行为。
惩罚性措施
The government introduced punitive measures against tax evasion.
政府对逃税采取了惩罚性措施。
惩罚性行动
The school threatened punitive action against students who cheated on the exam.
学校威胁要对考试作弊的学生采取惩罚性行动。
惩罚性远征;讨伐
The army launched a punitive expedition against the rebel villages.
军队对叛乱的村庄发动了惩罚性讨伐。
惩罚性量刑
Punitive sentencing has done little to reduce crime.
惩罚性量刑对减少犯罪作用不大。
惩罚性税收
The punitive tax on sugary drinks aimed to reduce consumption.
对含糖饮料征收的惩罚性税收旨在减少消费。
pun-(词根:惩罚) + -itive(形容词后缀)。同根词:punish(v. 惩罚)、punishment(n. 惩罚)、impunity(n. 免罚)。同后缀词:definitive(决定性的)、cognitive(认知的)。
指因过错而受到的惩罚,与 punitive 的惩罚含义相关。
通常指针对违规行为的惩罚性措施。
一种常见的经济惩罚形式。
剥夺自由的惩罚方式。
与惩罚相对,强调帮助违法者重新融入社会。
惩罚性赔偿
The court awarded punitive damages to deter the company from repeating its fraud.
法院判决惩罚性赔偿,以阻止该公司再次实施欺诈。
讨伐性远征;惩罚性征讨
The general led a punitive expedition against the rebel tribes.
将军率领一支讨伐性远征军前往攻打叛乱的部落。
惩罚性行动
The school promised punitive action against anyone caught cheating.
学校承诺对被抓到作弊的人采取惩罚性行动。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, OCTANOVE, WIKTIONARY.