Word · Frequency #21014
penalize
处罚；惩罚
to punish someone for breaking a rule or law
- 1.
To subject to a penalty, especially for the infringement of a rule or regulation.
使受处罚,尤指因违反规则或规定。
- 2.
To impose a handicap on.
给......设障碍；使不利。
使不利；使处于劣势；使受处罚,尤指因违反规则或规定。；给......设障碍；使不利。；处刑；对...处罚(刑)
In use
The referee will penalize any player who breaks the rules.
The company penalized him for repeatedly arriving late.
The new policy is penalizing small businesses unfairly.
penalize sb for sth
penalize 常与 for 连用，说明处罚的原因；此处为主动语态。
The referee penalized the player for a deliberate handball.
裁判因球员故意手球而对其进行处罚。
be penalized for (doing) sth
被动语态 be penalized 在正式文体中很常见，原因仍用 for 引出。
He was penalized for missing the deadline.
他因错过了最后期限而受到处罚。
penalize sb
此处 penalize 意为“使不利、给…设置障碍”，并非直接处罚某人。
Connections
Collocations
- penalize someone for something
- 因某事处罚某人
- The company was penalized for violating safety rules.该公司因违反安全规定受到处罚。
- heavily penalize
- 重罚；严厉处罚
- Drivers who exceed the speed limit are heavily penalized.超速行驶的司机受到严厉处罚。
- penalize a player
- 处罚球员；判罚球员
- The referee penalized the player for a handball.裁判因手球而判罚了该球员。
- penalize small businesses
- 使小企业处于不利地位
- The new tax law unfairly penalizes small businesses.新税法不公平地使小企业处于不利地位。
Synonyms
- punish
- 惩罚；处罚 · 最常用同义词，语义宽泛；penalize 更正式，常用在法律或比赛规则中；punish 可用于日常各种处罚。
Learner notes
Memory Tip
记：penalty（惩罚）去掉ty加ize就是penalize，意为“处罚；使不利”，像给违规者开罚单。
Context & Register
语域：neutral 常见场景：sports competitions、legal and regulatory contexts、school and academic settings penalize 属于中性偏正式用词，通常用于规则、法律、体育竞赛等正式场合，日常口语中较少见；表示“使不利”时也常见于书面语。
Pronunciation & Spelling
与 penalize /ˈpiːnəlaɪz/ 完全押韵的常用词很少。以 -ize 结尾的词（如 finalize /ˈfaɪnəlaɪz/, organize /ˈɔːrɡənaɪz/）都以 /aɪz/ 结尾，但重音元音不同，所以并不完全押韵。注意拼写相似的 penalty /ˈpɛnəlti/ 和 realize /ˈriːəlaɪz/ 发音不同；penal /ˈpiːnəl/ 只共享首音节。
Usage priority
Collins 词频等级为 1，建议结合例句记忆，而不是只背中文释义。
Learn the forms together
页面下方列出了常见词形变化。学习时注意它们在句子中的语法位置。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY, WORDNET.