1
derail sth
及物用法中，主语是造成出轨的原因，宾语是被弄出轨的列车。
Heavy flooding derailed the passenger train.
严重洪水使那列客运火车出轨了。
使出轨
derailed — past of derail
先理解核心含义，再看它在真实句子里的用法。
使出轨
cause to run off the tracks
Heavy flooding derailed the passenger train.
严重洪水使那列客运火车出轨了。
及物用法
使脱轨
To cause to come off the tracks.
脱轨
To come off the tracks.
偏离原有的路线或方向
To deviate from the previous course or direction.
使偏离既定的路线或方向
To cause to deviate from a set course or direction.
derail
Base
原形
derails
3rd person
第三人称单数
derailing
-ing
现在分词
derailed
Past
过去式
derailed
Past participle
过去分词
Trains sometimes derail on sharp curves.
火车有时在急转弯处脱轨。
The train derailed near the station yesterday.
那列火车昨天在车站附近出轨了。
The project is derailing because of budget problems.
由于预算问题，该项目正在偏离正轨。
规则动词，过去式和过去分词为 derailed，现在分词为 derailing。
A broken rail derailed the freight train.
一根断裂的铁轨使货运列车出轨了。
The rear carriage was derailed by a pile of fallen rocks.
后面一节车厢被一堆落石弄得出轨了。
The engine derailed as it crossed the old bridge.
机车在驶过那座旧桥时出轨了。
及物用法中，主语是造成出轨的原因，宾语是被弄出轨的列车。
Heavy flooding derailed the passenger train.
严重洪水使那列客运火车出轨了。
不及物用法中，主语常为火车、车厢等，表示自动脱离轨道。
The last carriage derailed as it entered the curve.
最后一节车厢在进入弯道时出轨了。
Not this
The train derailed the rails.
Use this
The train derailed.
derail 本身已含“脱离铁轨”之意，作不及物动词时以列车为主语；其及物用法是“使火车出轨”（如 The collision derailed the train），不能把 rails 当作宾语。
Not this
The derail of the train caused the delay.
Use this
The derailment of the train caused the delay.
“出轨”这一事件的名词是 derailment；derail 作名词时指“脱轨器”，不表示“出轨”这件事，因此应改用 derailment。
Focus on the distinctions below. Other candidates are kept compact until a reliable usage note is available.
火车出轨
The train derailed shortly after leaving the station.
那列火车刚离开车站不久就出轨了。
使火车出轨
The attackers planned to derail the passenger train by placing obstacles on the line.
袭击者计划在铁轨上放置障碍物使旅客列车出轨。
出轨
The maintenance vehicle was derailed during the storm.
那辆维修车在暴风雨中出轨了。
从轨道上出轨
A wheel on the last carriage came loose and the carriage derailed from the tracks.
最后一节车厢的一个轮子松了，那节车厢就从轨道上脱轨了。
打乱某人的计划
The sudden storm derailed our plans for a picnic.
突如其来的暴风雨打乱了我们野餐的计划。
断送前程
The scandal threatened to derail her political career.
那桩丑闻差点断送她的政治生涯。
使进程偏离正轨
One bad comment can derail the whole negotiation process.
一句不当的话就可能使整个谈判进程偏离正轨。
Use derailed naturally, then get feedback on meaning, tone, grammar, and phrasing.
Revisit a common error or keep this word in your review list.
联想：列车“脱轨”时发出de-（脱离）+rail（铁轨）的声音，rail就是轨道，脱开轨道即出轨。
语域：neutral 常见场景：railway accident reports、transport safety notices、news about train incidents 该词表示使（火车等）出轨或脱轨，多用于铁路事故报道、交通安全通报或新闻语境中；属于中性、正式程度适中的表达。使用时通常搭配火车、列车、轨道等具体对象。
以上词均以 /eɪl/ 音结尾，和 derail 的词尾 -rail 押韵；它们都含有拼写块 ail。注意：dial (/ˈdaɪəl/)、denial (/dɪˈnaɪəl/)、daily (/ˈdeɪli/) 拼写看似相近，但读音并不押韵。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.