separate the wheat from the chaff
collocation去芜存菁；甄别优劣
The screening test helps separate the wheat from the chaff.
筛选测试有助于去芜存菁。
谷壳；糠
先理解核心含义，再看它在真实句子里的用法。
谷壳；糠
The dry outer covering of grain seeds and the plant pieces separated from them during threshing.
The farmer separated the chaff from the grain using a winnowing fan.
农民用簸箕将谷壳与谷粒分开。
谷物植物不可食用的部分
The inedible parts of a grain-producing plant.
由种子外壳和从种子中分离出来的小茎或叶片组成的物质
material consisting of seed coverings and small pieces of stem or leaves that have been separated from the seeds
切碎的稻草或干草,用作牛饲料
Straw or hay cut up fine for the food of cattle.
薄片状箔条；作为雷达对抗措施释放到空中
foil in thin strips; ejected into the air as a radar countermeasure
Military aircraft release chaff to confuse enemy radar.
军用飞机会释放箔条来迷惑敌方雷达。
In his speech, he warned against paying attention to the chaff of rumors.
他在演讲中警告不要理会谣言中的糟粕。
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去芜存菁；甄别优劣
The screening test helps separate the wheat from the chaff.
筛选测试有助于去芜存菁。
铡草机；切草机
The farmer used a chaff cutter to prepare feed for the cattle.
农场主用铡草机为牛准备饲料。
雷达干扰箔条
The aircraft released radar chaff to confuse the incoming missile.
飞机释放雷达干扰箔条以迷惑来袭导弹。
麦糠；麦壳
A strong breeze carried the wheat chaff away from the grain.
一阵强风把麦糠从麦粒中吹走了。
区分优劣；去芜存菁
The first round of interviews helps us separate the wheat from the chaff.
第一轮面试帮助我们区分出真正有用的人才。
恶人却不是这样，他们就像被风吹散的糠秕。（出自《圣经·诗篇》第1篇4节）
The farmer separated the wheat from the chaff.
农民把麦粒从谷壳中分离出来。
他手里拿着簸箕，要扬净他的场，把麦子收进仓里，用不灭的火烧尽糠秕。（出自《圣经·马太福音》第3章12节）
We need to separate the wheat from the chaff in this report.
我们需要区分这份报告中的精华和糟粕。
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谷壳轻飘飘，脱粒时被风吹散——chaff就是被抛弃的壳；雷达抛出的箔条也叫chaff，同样是撒出去没用的。
语域：mixed 常见场景：农业或谷物加工、军事或航空雷达对抗、日常口语中的玩笑或比喻 chaff 作名词时含义较多：农业上通常指谷壳、糠或切碎的干草；军事和航空领域多用于指雷达干扰箔条；在日常口语中也可比喻无价值的东西，或表示轻松的玩笑。整体语域因语境而异，既有中性/正式的科技用法，也有口语化的比喻用法，因此标为“混合”。
通常不可数，但复数形式chaffs可用于指不同种类。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.