Word
-ism
后缀，表示状态、情况，尤指由特定原因所致的疾病状态
a suffix forming nouns denoting a state or condition, especially a disease caused by a specific agent
〔后缀〕:状态；情况:尤指由特定原因所致疾病状态
In use
Regular support groups can help people recover from alcoholism.
Improper canning of food can lead to botulism.
The patient showed early signs of parkinsonism, such as tremors.
noun (cause of disease) + -ism
该模式表示由特定物质或原因引起的疾病状态。
Alcoholism is a chronic disease.
酒精中毒是一种慢性疾病。
Common mistakes
He suffers from smokingism.He suffers from nicotine addiction.
后缀 -ism 只在少数固定搭配（如 alcoholism）中表示由特定原因导致的疾病状态，不能随意附加在动词后构成新词。表示吸烟成瘾的标准表达是 nicotine addiction。
The patient was diagnosed with diabetesism.The patient was diagnosed with diabetes.
Diabetes 本身即为疾病名称，无需添加 -ism 后缀。后缀 -ism 用于表示由特定原因导致的疾病状态，如 alcoholism，但 diabetes 不适用。
Connections
Learner notes
Grammar Note
不能单独使用，需附加在名词或形容词后构成名词
Dictionary facts from AI_FALLBACK, ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.