Grammar Note
作“拓扑学/地志学”等学科、领域讲时通常不可数；指某个集合或网络的具体拓扑结构时可数，复数为 topologies。
拓扑学
topologies — plural of topology
先理解核心含义，再看它在真实句子里的用法。
拓扑学
the branch of mathematics that studies properties of geometric figures which remain unchanged under continuous deformations, such as stretching or bending.
In topology, a doughnut and a coffee cup are considered the same because they both have one hole.
在拓扑学中，甜甜圈和咖啡杯被认为是一样的，因为它们都有一个洞。
数学分支,研究几何对象在连续变形下保持不变的性质。
The branch of mathematics dealing with those properties of a geometrical object (of arbitrary dimensionality) that are unchanged by continuous deformations (such as stretching, bending, etc., without tearing or gluing).
给定集合X的子集族,包含空集和X,并对有限交集和任意并集封闭。
Any collection τ of subsets of a given set X that contains both the empty set and X, and which is closed under finitary intersections and arbitrary unions.
身体某部分的解剖结构。
The anatomical structure of part of the body.
通信网络中节点的排列方式。
The arrangement of nodes in a communications network.
Our professor introduced topology as the study of properties that remain unchanged when an object is stretched, bent, or twisted.
教授把拓扑学介绍为研究物体在拉伸、弯曲或扭曲时保持不变的性质的学科。
For her project, she explored how topology helps mathematicians understand the structure of space beyond ordinary measurements.
她在这个项目中探讨了拓扑学如何帮助数学家理解超越普通测量的空间结构。
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作“拓扑学/地志学”等学科、领域讲时通常不可数；指某个集合或网络的具体拓扑结构时可数，复数为 topologies。
页面下方列出了常见词形变化。学习时注意它们在句子中的语法位置。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.