subaltern studies
collocation底层研究；属下研究
Subaltern studies challenges traditional colonial history.
底层研究挑战了传统的殖民历史。
只断定相关命题部分内容的；较低等级或地位的；次要的；尤其指军衔低于上尉的初级军官；仅断言相关命题的一部分；地位或等级较低的
lower in rank or position; junior, especially of an officer below the rank of captain
较低等级或地位的；次要的；尤其指军衔低于上尉的初级军官
Of a lower rank or position; inferior or secondary; especially (military) ranking as a junior officer, below the rank of captain.
仅断言相关命题的一部分
Asserting only a part of what is asserted in a related proposition.
地位或等级较低的
inferior in rank or status
The subaltern officers gathered in the yard to receive their orders.
下级军官们聚集在院子里接受命令。
用法提示：此处 subaltern 作形容词，修饰 officers，表示军衔较低的、下级的。
She took a subaltern role in the project, helping the team leader with routine tasks.
她在项目中担任次要角色，帮助组长处理日常事务。
用法提示：这里 subaltern 作定语，说明角色是次要的、从属的。
In the firm’s hierarchy, her position was subaltern to that of the manager.
在公司层级中，她的职位低于经理。
用法提示：此处 subaltern 作表语，与 to 连用表示地位低于某人或某职位。
底层研究；属下研究
Subaltern studies challenges traditional colonial history.
底层研究挑战了传统的殖民历史。
底层阶级；下层阶级
The article analyzes the resistance of subaltern classes to state power.
这篇文章分析了底层阶级对国家权力的抵抗。
底层的声音；边缘群体的声音
The project records the subaltern voice of migrant workers.
该项目记录了农民工这一底层群体的声音。
低级军官；尉官（低于上尉）
He served as a subaltern officer in the infantry.
他曾是一名步兵中的低级军官。
从属地位；较低地位
She was frustrated by her subaltern status in the department.
她对自己在部门中的从属地位感到沮丧。
sub-（下，低于）+ altern（源自拉丁语 alter，其他；如 alternate 交替的）→ 地位较低的。相关词：submarine（潜水艇），substandard（不够标准的），subordinate（下级的），alternate（交替的），alternative（可替代的）。
subaltern 表示在等级体系中处于较低的位置，常与 hierarchy 一起讨论。
subaltern 既指地位较低，也特指军队中低于上尉的军衔。
subaltern 常用于军事语境，描述初级军官的相对低位。
在军队中，subaltern 指级别较低的军官。
subaltern 的地位较低，晋升则意味着提高军衔或地位，二者概念相对。
庶民能发声吗？
Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak's 1988 essay asks whether the subaltern — the oppressed or marginalised — can truly speak, or whether they are always silenced by colonial structures.
这是加亚特里·查克拉沃蒂·斯皮瓦克1988年论文提出的问题：作为受压迫或被边缘化者，庶民真的能发声吗？还是他们总会被殖民结构所噤声？
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