Word · Frequency #2422
rough
草拟；粗略地勾画
to create or prepare something in a rough, preliminary form
常与 out 连用
- 1.
To create in an approximate form.
粗略地制作。
- 2.
To break the rules by being excessively violent.
通过过度暴力违反规则。
- 3.
prepare in preliminary or sketchy form
初步或粗略地准备
- 4.
To commit the offense of roughing, i.e. to punch another player.
犯粗暴犯规,即击打其他球员。
- 5.
To render rough; to roughen.
使粗糙；变粗糙。
- 6.
To break in (a horse, etc.), especially for military purposes.
训练(马等)以适应军事用途。
- 7.
To endure primitive conditions.
忍受原始条件。
- 8.
To roughen a horse's shoes to keep the animal from slipping.
磨糙马蹄铁以防止马滑动。
过艰苦的生活；将就着过；（在体育比赛中）粗野对待；对…动粗；使粗糙；把…弄粗糙；驯服（马）；训练（军马）；把（马蹄铁）弄粗糙以防滑
In use
The architect roughed out the design on a napkin.
She is roughing in the major plot points before writing the full story.
He will rough out a first draft of the speech.
Verb forms
base rough · third person roughs · -ing roughing · past roughed · past participle roughed
常用于表示初步准备或粗略制作
Connections
Collocations
- rough out
- 草拟；粗略勾画
- She roughed out a few ideas on paper.她在纸上草草写下了几个想法。
- rough up
- 殴打；对…动粗
- The thieves roughed him up before taking his wallet.小偷在拿走他钱包之前把他打了一顿。
- rough it
- 过艰苦简陋的生活
- We had to rough it in a tent during the storm.暴风雨期间我们只好在帐篷里将就着过。
- rough in
- 粗略安装；初步布置
- The electrician roughed in the wiring for the new room.电工为新房间粗略布好了电线。
Idioms & figurative uses
- rough it
- 将就着过；过艰苦生活We had to rough it in a tent for a week.我们不得不在帐篷里将就着过了一个星期。
Learner notes
Memory Tip
动词 rough 可表示‘草拟、粗略勾画’（rough out），也可指‘对…动粗’。记住拼写 r-o-u-g-h，就是‘粗粗地做’的意思。
Context & Register
语域：mixed 常见场景：drafting or design work、camping or travel without comforts、sports or physical conflict rough 作动词时，语气会随搭配变化：rough sth out（草拟/勾画雏形）比较中性，多用于设计、写作等需要先出粗略版本的场合；rough it（将就着过）多用于较口语化的叙述；体育中表示粗野犯规（如 roughing）时属于规则用语。总体没有单一正式程度，建议结合具体短语判断。
Grammar Note
常与 out 搭配使用，表示草拟、粗略地准备
Pronunciation & Spelling
与 rough /rʌf/ 押韵的有 tough /tʌf/ 和 enough /ɪˈnʌf/（都发 /ʌf/）。注意同样以 -ough 拼写的词发音差异很大：cough /kɒf/、though /ðoʊ/、through /θruː/、dough /doʊ/ 都不与 rough 押韵。
High-value vocabulary
该词属于 Oxford 核心词汇，值得优先掌握常见搭配和句型。
Usage priority
Collins 词频等级为 3，建议结合例句记忆，而不是只背中文释义。
Learn the forms together
页面下方列出了常见词形变化。学习时注意它们在句子中的语法位置。
Dictionary facts from DICTIONARY_API_DEV, ECDICT, WIKTIONARY, WORDNET.