pullulate with sth
常与 with 连用，表示某地充满或挤满某物。
The old harbor pullulated with rats and stray dogs.
旧港口里到处都是老鼠和流浪狗。
充满；充斥；挤满
快速繁殖；激增；发芽；萌芽；迅速繁殖。；发芽。；充满；遍布。
To teem with; to be full of (people or things).
迅速繁殖。
To multiply rapidly.
发芽。
To germinate.
充满；遍布。
To teem with; to be filled (with).
一般现在时
The plants pullulate in the spring.
这些植物在春天发芽。
一般过去时
The population pullulated rapidly last century.
上个世纪人口迅速增长。
现在完成时
The weeds have pullulated all over the garden.
杂草已经遍布整个花园。
规则动词，后缀加-ed构成过去式和过去分词。
In spring, new leaves pullulate on the trees.
春天，树上长满了新叶。
用法提示：动词原形'pullulate'在此描述新叶大量出现，符合'发芽、产生'的含义。
After the rain, mushrooms pullulated in the forest overnight.
雨后，森林里一夜之间长满了蘑菇。
用法提示：过去式'pullulated'表示迅速大量出现。
The city's tech sector is pullulating with startups.
这座城市的科技领域正涌现大量初创公司。
用法提示：现在进行时'pullulating'表示正在蓬勃发展、大量涌现。
常与 with 连用，表示某地充满或挤满某物。
The old harbor pullulated with rats and stray dogs.
旧港口里到处都是老鼠和流浪狗。
in 后接环境或条件，强调在该处迅速繁殖。
Bacteria pullulate in warm, stagnant water.
细菌在温暖不流动的水中迅速繁殖。
不及物用法；主语为种子、芽等时可表示发芽。
The seeds pullulated after the spring rain.
种子在春雨后发芽了。
grammar · medium
易错句子The market pullulates cheap goods.
正确表达The market pullulates with cheap goods.
pullulate 表示“充满/充斥”时是不及物动词，必须用 pullulate with sth，不能直接接宾语；汉语“充满某物”看似及物，容易漏掉介词 with。
grammar · medium
易错句子The pullulate weeds choked the garden.
正确表达The pullulating weeds choked the garden.
英语中动词作定语修饰名词时要用现在分词形式（-ing），不能用动词原形；汉语形容词无形态变化，容易把 pullulate 直接放在名词前。
grammar · medium
易错句子In the 1990s, the rats pullulate in the alley.
正确表达In the 1990s, the rats pullulated in the alley.
句中有明确的过去时间状语 In the 1990s，谓语必须用过去式 pullulated；汉语动词无时态屈折，学习者常忽略过去式标记。
两词都可指数量迅速增多，但 pullulate 更书面、文学化，强调大量滋生、成群涌现或“充斥某处”；proliferate 中性常用，强调数量成倍增加，可用于细胞、武器、观点等，不强调“充满某地”。
表示“充满”时，teem 是日常常用词，常用 teem with 说某处满是鱼、虫、人等具体事物；pullulate with 更书面文学，强调大量滋生蔓延，语域明显更高。
拼写、读音相近，但 populate 是及物动词，意为“居住于、构成……的人口”或“填充（数据、地区）”；pullulate 是不及物动词，只表示迅速繁殖或充满，不能表示“居住”。
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