1
a patina of [something]
此结构常用于比喻，表示因时间或使用而在物品表面形成的特征。
The old wooden desk had a patina of age.
这张旧木桌有着岁月形成的古旧光泽。
绿锈；铜绿
先理解核心含义，再看它在真实句子里的用法。
绿锈；铜绿
a fine coating of oxide on the surface of a metal
The old wooden desk had a patina of age.
这张旧木桌有着岁月形成的古旧光泽。
圣餐盘,一种扁平的盘子。
A paten, flat type of dish.
金属表面的氧化物薄层
a fine coating of oxide on the surface of a metal
岁月和磨损赋予(主要是金属)物体的颜色或表面覆盖层；尤指覆盖在古代青铜器、硬币和奖章等艺术品上的绿色锈层。
The colour or incrustation which age and wear give to (mainly metallic) objects; especially, the green rust which covers works of art such as ancient bronzes, coins and medals.
一种带灰色的绿色,如同青铜绿锈的颜色。
A green colour, tinted with grey, like that of bronze patina.
The old bronze statue has developed a beautiful green patina over the years.
这座古老的铜像多年来形成了一层美丽的绿色铜绿。
Restorers carefully removed the patina from the ancient coin to reveal its original detail.
修复人员小心地除去了古币上的铜绿，露出了原本的细节。
Many collectors value the natural patina on antique brass fixtures.
许多收藏家看重古董黄铜器件上自然形成的铜绿。
此结构常用于比喻，表示因时间或使用而在物品表面形成的特征。
The old wooden desk had a patina of age.
这张旧木桌有着岁月形成的古旧光泽。
The patina on the bronze statue was a rich green.
青铜雕像上的铜绿是浓艳的绿色。
被动结构常用来描述表面已自然形成锈层或光泽的状态。
After decades outdoors, the metal gate was covered with a thin patina.
在室外经过几十年后，这扇金属大门覆盖着一层薄薄的铜绿。
Not this
The bronze statue is covered with green rust.
Use this
The bronze statue is covered with green patina.
Rust 专指铁或钢表面红棕色的氧化层；铜或青铜表面形成的绿色氧化层叫 patina（绿锈/铜绿），所以这里不能用 rust。
Not this
The old bronze was covered by a natural patina.
Use this
The old bronze was covered with a natural patina.
表示表面覆盖着某层物质时英语习惯用 be covered with（或 covered in）；be covered by 通常引入动作的施动者，用来描述 patina 这层覆盖物不自然。
Focus on the distinctions below. Other candidates are kept compact until a reliable usage note is available.
绿色铜锈
The copper statue developed a beautiful green patina over the years.
那座铜雕像多年后形成了一层漂亮的绿色铜锈。
岁月留下的光泽
The wooden table had a soft patina of age that no polish could reproduce.
这张木桌有一层柔和的岁月光泽，是任何抛光剂都无法复制的。
形成铜锈
Copper roofs slowly develop a patina that protects the metal.
铜屋顶会慢慢形成一层保护金属的铜锈。
体面的外表
His career had a patina of respectability that concealed a history of fraud.
他的职业生涯有一层体面的外表，掩盖了欺诈史。
青铜绿锈
This bronze patina gives the sculpture an antique appearance.
这层青铜绿锈使雕像看起来有古董感。
古色
The furniture was refinished but the antique patina was lost.
这件家具被重新打磨过，但失去了原有的古色。
岁月形成的古色；年代感
The antique table has a beautiful patina of age.
这张古董桌子带有美丽的岁月古色。
体面的假象；表面上的体面
His charity work gave him a patina of respectability.
他的慈善工作使他看上去体面。
精致的外表；世故的光泽
The new hotel has a patina of sophistication.
这家新酒店有一种精致的外表。
Use patina naturally, then get feedback on meaning, tone, grammar, and phrasing.
Revisit a common error or keep this word in your review list.
把patina联想成'帕提娜'：她穿一身铜绿长袍，所以patina=绿锈、古色。
语域：mixed 常见场景：考古与文物保护、金属器物工艺、书面或文学描述 表示金属表面的氧化层“绿锈/铜绿”时，patina 在考古、文物修复等技术性语境中多为中性常用说法；在一般书面或文学描写中使用则显得比较正式，通常不用于很随意的口语。
复数形式为 patinas 或 patinae。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.