1
a partridge
指鸟时，partridge 是可数名词，单数前常用 a。
A partridge ran across the road.
一只山鹑跑过了马路。
鹧鸪；山鹑
先理解核心含义，再看它在真实句子里的用法。
鹧鸪；山鹑
A small Old World game bird of the pheasant family, especially any of the genera Perdix and Alectoris.
A partridge ran across the road.
一只山鹑跑过了马路。
雉科中多个属的鸟类,尤指山鹑属和石鸡属
Any bird of a number of genera in the family Phasianidae, notably in the genera Perdix and Alectoris.
鹌鹑或松鸡的肉
flesh of either quail or grouse
作为食物食用的这种鸟的肉
The flesh or meat of this bird eaten as food.
体大翅小的南美猎鸟,形似鸡类,但与平胸鸟有亲缘关系
heavy-bodied small-winged South American game bird resembling a gallinaceous bird but related to the ratite birds
We saw a partridge run across the dirt road in the countryside.
我们在乡下看到一只鹧鸪跑过土路。
The partridge hid among the tall grass when it heard us coming.
那只鹧鸪听到我们走来时，躲进了高高的草丛里。
Partridges usually stay on the ground and only fly short distances.
鹧鸪通常待在地上，只飞很短的距离。
指鸟时，partridge 是可数名词，单数前常用 a。
A partridge ran across the road.
一只山鹑跑过了马路。
复数形式为 partridges；表示不确定数量时常用 some。
Some partridges flew overhead.
几只山鹑从头顶飞过。
作食物时，partridge 是不可数名词，不加 a；也可说 have some partridge。
We had partridge for dinner.
我们晚餐吃了山鹑。
Not this
There are two partridge in the forest.
Use this
There are two partridges in the forest.
可数名词复数要加-s/-es；汉语名词没有复数形式，所以学习者容易漏掉。这里“two”表示不止一只，要用复数 partridges。
Not this
I saw partridge in the field.
Use this
I saw a partridge in the field.
单数可数名词不能光杆使用，前面需要一个限定词（如 a/an）；汉语没有冠词，所以容易漏掉。“a partridge”指“一只山鹑”。
Focus on the distinctions below. Other candidates are kept compact until a reliable usage note is available.
红腿石鸡
The red-legged partridge is common in southern Europe.
红腿石鸡在南欧很常见。
灰山鹑
We saw a gray partridge in the field.
我们在田野里看到一只灰山鹑。
猎山鹑（运动）
Partridge shooting begins in September.
猎山鹑活动从九月开始。
烤山鹑（菜肴）
They served roast partridge with vegetables.
他们端上了烤山鹑配蔬菜。
一群山鹑
A covey of partridges flew up from the hedge.
一群山鹑从树篱中飞起。
（固定说法）源自圣诞颂歌《十二天圣诞节》，指圣诞传统中第一天收到的礼物，也可指一件应景但古怪的礼物。
When I asked what he had bought his wife for Christmas, he laughed and said, 'Just a partridge in a pear tree.'
我问他给妻子买了什么圣诞礼物，他笑着说：“只不过是一只梨树上的鹧鸪。”
一只鹧鸪站在梨树上。出自圣诞颂歌《The Twelve Days of Christmas》（圣诞十二日），每年圣诞节都会传唱，是西方最家喻户晓的歌词之一。
Each Christmas, my grandmother still loves to sing about the partridge in a pear tree.
每年圣诞节，我奶奶还是喜欢唱关于梨树上的鹧鸪那首歌。
《鹧鸪家庭合唱团》（The Partridge Family），20世纪70年代美国热门情景喜剧，讲述一个家庭组成乐队的故事；虽然剧名里的Partridge是姓氏，但这个词因此广为人知。
The Partridge Family is a TV show, not a family of partridges.
《鹧鸪家庭合唱团》是一部电视剧，而不是一群鹧鸪。
Use partridge naturally, then get feedback on meaning, tone, grammar, and phrasing.
Revisit a common error or keep this word in your review list.
山鹑常在山脊(ridge)上活动，记住 partridge 里有 ridge 这个片段。
语域：neutral 常见场景：hunting and field sports、cooking and dining、nature writing and birdwatching 该词指雉科猎鸟（如山鹑、石鸡）时通常属于中性词；多用于狩猎、烹饪和自然描写等场景，也可指这种鸟的肉。日常口语中不算常见，正式文章和菜单中比较常见。
没有常用词与 partridge 完全押韵；它读 /ˈpɑrtrədʒ/，结尾 -idge 发 /ədʒ/。下面这些词拼写相近或都以 -age/-idge 结尾，但大多发 /ɪdʒ/，请注意元音区别：cartridge /ˈkɑrtrɪdʒ/、porridge /ˈpɔrɪdʒ/、cottage /ˈkɑtɪdʒ/、cabbage /ˈkæbɪdʒ/、village /ˈvɪlɪdʒ/、knowledge /ˈnɑlɪdʒ/。尤其 porridge 很容易和 partridge 看混，但它的读音没有 /tr/。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.