1
indebtedness to [sb]
可指金钱债务或抽象亏欠。
His indebtedness to his parents is immeasurable.
他对父母的感激之情难以估量。
负债；债务
先理解核心含义，再看它在真实句子里的用法。
负债；债务
the obligation to pay money to another party; the state of owing money
His indebtedness to his parents is immeasurable.
他对父母的感激之情难以估量。
欠钱的状态；负债。
State of owing money; being in debt.
向另一方付款的义务
an obligation to pay money to another party
欠某物或对某人有义务的状态
The state of owing something or being under obligation to someone.
因服务或恩惠而欠人情的人际关系
a personal relation in which one is indebted for a service or favor
The company's growing indebtedness worried its investors.
公司日益增长的负债令投资者担忧。
High levels of student indebtedness can affect young people's financial decisions.
高额的学生债务会影响年轻人的财务决策。
The report examines the relationship between household indebtedness and consumer spending.
这份报告考察家庭负债与消费支出之间的关系。
可指金钱债务或抽象亏欠。
His indebtedness to his parents is immeasurable.
他对父母的感激之情难以估量。
常指具体债务的起因。
The company's indebtedness for the loan is listed on the balance sheet.
公司对该贷款的债务列在资产负债表上。
常用于正式或书面语境。
She acknowledged her indebtedness to her mentor in her speech.
她在演讲中承认了对导师的感激。
Not this
I feel a great indebtedness to my teacher for her help.
Use this
I feel a great sense of gratitude to my teacher for her help.
indebtedness 指财务上的负债，不表示情感上的感谢；表示感谢应使用 gratitude。
Not this
He has many indebtednesses.
Use this
He has a lot of indebtedness.
indebtedness 是不可数名词，没有复数形式；表示多个债务时应用 debts。
Focus on the distinctions below. Other candidates are kept compact until a reliable usage note is available.
家庭负债
Household indebtedness has risen sharply over the past decade.
过去十年家庭负债急剧上升。
公共债务；政府负债
Public indebtedness is a growing concern for many governments.
公共债务是许多政府日益担忧的问题。
负债水平
The level of indebtedness varies greatly between different age groups.
不同年龄群体的负债水平差异很大。
减少负债
The company plans to sell assets to reduce indebtedness.
公司计划出售资产以减少负债。
债务负担
Many families are struggling under the burden of indebtedness.
许多家庭在债务负担下苦苦挣扎。
消费者负债
Consumer indebtedness reached a record high last year.
去年消费者负债达到创纪录高位。
Use indebtedness naturally, then get feedback on meaning, tone, grammar, and phrasing.
Revisit a common error or keep this word in your review list.
in debt（欠债）加后缀-ness，记住indebtedness就是“欠债的状态”。
语域：formal 常见场景：formal writing、financial reports、legal documents 通常用于正式或书面语境，如金融、法律和学术文本；口语中较少见。它既可表示欠款、负债的状态，也可表示因恩惠或帮助而欠人情，但都偏正式。
这些词都不与 indebtedness 完全押韵：nakedness 和 wickedness 只共享不重读的后缀 -edness /ɪdnəs/；darkness 和 happiness 只共享后缀 -ness /nəs/。注意形似词 indent /ɪnˈdɛnt/ 以 /nt/ 结尾，与目标词中 debt 部分的 /t/ 发音不同；indebted /ɪnˈdɛtɪd/ 与目标词前两个音节相同，但多了 /nəs/，也不是整词押韵。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.