Word · Frequency #17107
fermentation
发酵（微生物分解有机物的化学过程，常用于制作面包、啤酒、葡萄酒等）
The chemical process by which microorganisms break down organic substances, often producing alcohol or acids, used in making bread, beer, wine, etc.
常用在生物、化学领域
- 1.
Any of many anaerobic biochemical reactions in which an enzyme (or several enzymes produced by a microorganism) catalyses the conversion of one substance into another; especially the conversion (using yeast) of sugars to alcohol or acetic acid with the evolution of carbon dioxide
多种厌氧生化反应之一,其中酶(或微生物产生的多种酶)催化一种物质转化为另一种物质,尤其是利用酵母将糖转化为酒精或醋酸并释放二氧化碳
- 2.
a state of agitation or turbulent change or development
动荡或剧烈变化或发展的状态
- 3.
A state of agitation or excitement; a ferment.
激动或兴奋的状态；发酵
- 4.
a process in which an agent causes an organic substance to break down into simpler substances; especially, the anaerobic breakdown of sugar into alcohol
一种由催化剂使有机物质分解成更简单物质的过程；尤指糖在无氧条件下分解成酒精
骚动；动荡；激动；多种厌氧生化反应之一,其中酶(或微生物产生的多种酶)催化一种物质转化为另一种物质,尤其是利用酵母将糖转化为酒精或醋酸并释放二氧化碳；动荡或剧烈变化或发展的状态；激动或兴奋的状态；发酵；一种由催化剂使有机物质分解成更简单物质的过程；尤指糖在无氧条件下分解成酒精
In use
The fermentation of grapes produces wine.
Bread rises because of fermentation by yeast.
Fermentation is essential for making yogurt and cheese.
fermentation of + [substance]
表示发酵的对象或原料。
The fermentation of grapes produces wine.
葡萄的发酵产生葡萄酒。
undergo fermentation
描述物质经历发酵过程。
The mixture undergoes fermentation for several days.
混合物发酵数天。
during fermentation
表示发酵过程中发生的情况。
Temperature must be controlled during fermentation.
Connections
Collocations
- alcoholic fermentation
- 酒精发酵
- Alcoholic fermentation turns sugars into ethanol and carbon dioxide.酒精发酵将糖转化为乙醇和二氧化碳。
- fermentation process
- 发酵过程
- The fermentation process can take several weeks for this beer.这种啤酒的发酵过程可能需要数周时间。
- fermentation tank
- 发酵罐
- The wine is left in a fermentation tank for two weeks.葡萄酒在发酵罐中放置两周。
- lactic acid fermentation
- 乳酸发酵
- Lactic acid fermentation is used to make yogurt and sauerkraut.乳酸发酵用于制作酸奶和酸菜。
- fermentation temperature
- 发酵温度
- Keep the fermentation temperature between 18 and 22 degrees Celsius.将发酵温度保持在18到22摄氏度之间。
Learner notes
Memory Tip
联想：发酵时气泡翻腾、面团膨胀，正像一场‘骚动’。记住 fermentation = 发酵，也有动荡之意。
Context & Register
语域：mixed 常见场景：scientific and technical writing、food and drink production、formal or literary prose fermentation 的主要用法出现在生物、化学等专业领域以及食品酿造等实际场景，语体趋于中性或正式；其引申义指‘动荡、骚动’，多用于正式或文学表达。因此整体语体标记为混合，具体选择需根据语境判断。
Grammar Note
不可数名词，常与介词of连用表示发酵过程
Pronunciation & Spelling
这些词都以 -ation 结尾，重音落在 /eɪ/ 上，后接 /ʃən/，因此都与 fermentation 押韵。注意别把 ferment /fɚˈmɛnt/ 当成同韵词，它的重音和元音不同。
Learn the forms together
页面下方列出了常见词形变化。学习时注意它们在句子中的语法位置。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.