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excess + noun
excess 作形容词时意为“过量的、多余的”，只放在名词前作定语，不能用于 be 动词后作表语。可对比 excessive（可作表语，意为“过分的”）。
The airline charged us for our excess baggage.
航空公司向我们收取了超重行李费。
多余的；过量的；额外的
先理解核心含义，再看它在真实句子里的用法。
多余的；过量的；额外的
more than is normal, necessary, or specified
The airline charged us for our excess baggage.
航空公司向我们收取了超重行李费。
超过正常、必要或指定数量的。
More than is normal, necessary or specified.
The company had to dispose of excess inventory.
公司不得不处理掉过量的库存。
She cut the excess fat from the meat before cooking.
她在烹饪前切掉了肉上多余的脂肪。
Excess baggage fees can be expensive when flying.
坐飞机时，超重的行李费可能很贵。
excess 作形容词时意为“过量的、多余的”，只放在名词前作定语，不能用于 be 动词后作表语。可对比 excessive（可作表语，意为“过分的”）。
The airline charged us for our excess baggage.
航空公司向我们收取了超重行李费。
Not this
The cost excesses the limit.
Use this
The cost exceeds the limit.
excess 是名词或形容词，没有动词用法；表示“超过（数字、限度）”必须用动词 exceed。将 excesses 改为 exceeds 后语法和词义都正确。
Not this
Excess drinking can harm your health.
Use this
Excessive drinking can harm your health.
excess 作形容词时意为“多余的、额外的”，excessive 才表示“过度的、过量的”，含负面评价。“过度饮酒”强调超过了健康限度，所以要用 excessive。
Not this
I had to pay for an excess baggage.
Use this
I had to pay for excess baggage.
baggage 是不可数名词，不能用 a/an；多余行李应直接说 excess baggage，不需要任何冠词。去掉 an 后符合不可数名词的用法。
Focus on the distinctions below. Other candidates are kept compact until a reliable usage note is available.
多余的重量；超重
Carrying excess weight can increase the risk of heart disease.
携带过多的体重会增加患心脏病的风险。
超重行李
You will have to pay extra for excess baggage at the airport.
在机场你将需要为超重行李支付额外费用。
过剩产能
The factory is running below full capacity due to excess capacity in the industry.
由于行业产能过剩，这家工厂的开工率不足。
过量需求
Excess demand for housing has driven up prices in the city.
对住房的过量需求推高了这座城市的房价。
积压库存
The store is holding a clearance sale to reduce excess inventory.
这家商店正在举行清仓销售以减少积压库存。
多余现金
She decided to invest her excess cash in a savings account.
她决定将多余的现金存入储蓄账户。
超过；多于
The project cost in excess of $1 million.
这个项目的花费超过一百万美元。
过度；过多
He tends to drink to excess at parties.
他聚会时往往饮酒过量。
累赘；多余之物
Her old habits became excess baggage in her new career.
她的旧习惯成了她新职业中的累赘。
过度之路通向智慧之宫。
This line comes from William Blake's The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (1790) and is often used about learning through extremes.
这句出自威廉·布莱克的《天堂与地狱的婚姻》（1790年），常用来表示人通过极端经历来获得智慧。
凡事适度，包括过度。
A witty saying often attributed to Oscar Wilde, used to humorously warn against taking any principle too far.
这则妙语常被归于奥斯卡·王尔德，幽默地提醒人们任何原则都不应走极端。
Use excess naturally, then get feedback on meaning, tone, grammar, and phrasing.
Revisit a common error or keep this word in your review list.
记：excess 中 ex 像 extra（额外），两个 s 像多出来的堆叠——额外堆叠的东西就是过量、多余的。
语域：mixed 常见场景：business、travel、formal writing excess 作形容词时多用于较正式的书面或商务场合，表示“过多的、额外的”，常见于 excess baggage、excess capacity 等固定搭配；口语中如果想更自然，也可以考虑用 extra。
只用作定语，不用作表语。
Dictionary facts from DICTIONARY_API_DEV, ECDICT, WIKTIONARY, WORDNET.