defile sth
及物动词，后面直接接被弄脏或亵渎的事物，常指圣地、名誉、环境等抽象或神圣之物。
The invaders defiled the ancient temple.
入侵者亵渎了那座古庙。
弄脏；污染
先理解核心含义，再看它在真实句子里的用法。
弄脏；污染
make something dirty or impure; pollute
一般现在时
He defiles the sacred temple.
他玷污了圣殿。
past
They defiled the river with waste.
他们用废物污染了河流。
现在完成时
She has defiled her reputation.
她已经玷污了自己的名誉。
规则动词，过去式与过去分词同形。
The factory waste defiled the river, making it unsafe to swim in.
工厂废物污染了这条河，使其不再适合游泳。
用法提示：defiled 在此为及物动词 pollute 的过去式，表示“弄脏、污染”。
The muddy footprints defiled the freshly cleaned kitchen floor.
泥泞的脚印弄脏了刚刚打扫干净的厨房地板。
用法提示：defiled 在此为及物动词 make dirty 的过去式，表示“弄脏”。
He was angry that the garbage had defiled the peaceful forest path.
他很生气，因为垃圾弄脏了那条宁静的林间小路。
用法提示：defiled 在此为动词的过去分词，用于过去完成时，表示“弄脏、玷污”。
及物动词，后面直接接被弄脏或亵渎的事物，常指圣地、名誉、环境等抽象或神圣之物。
The invaders defiled the ancient temple.
入侵者亵渎了那座古庙。
被动结构常用来说明某物受到什么污染或玷污，by 引出污染源。
The river was defiled by industrial waste.
这条河被工业废料污染了。
with 引出造成污染或亵渎的具体东西，如污物、涂鸦、谎言等。
They defiled the sacred ground with graffiti.
他们用涂鸦玷污了那片圣地。
反身用法多见于宗教或道德语境，指使自己变得不洁或有罪。
He would not defile himself by joining the fraud.
他不愿参与那场欺诈而玷污自己。
grammar · medium
易错句子The river defiled by the factory.
正确表达The river was defiled by the factory.
defile 是及物动词，表示“被污染、被玷污”时英语必须用被动语态 be + 过去分词；汉语“河水被工厂污染了”里的“被”常可省略或靠语序表达，但英语不能省掉 be 动词。
grammar · medium
易错句子Vandals defiled to the church.
正确表达Vandals defiled the church.
defile 是及物动词，后面直接接宾语，不加介词；汉语说“对教堂进行亵渎”，其中的“对”容易让学生误加介词 to，但英语里不需要。
grammar · medium
易错句子He defiled his boss's orders.
正确表达He defied his boss's orders.
defile 意为“弄脏、玷污、亵渎”，不能表示“违抗”；表示“违抗、不服从”要用 defy。两词拼写相近，但意义完全不同，不能混用。
defied 是 defy 的过去式，读 /dɪˈfaɪd/，结尾只有一个 /d/；defiled 读 /dɪˈfaɪld/，中间多一个 /l/，且意思是弄脏、玷污，与“违抗”无关。
defined 来自 define，读 /dɪˈfaɪnd/，结尾是 /nd/；defiled 结尾是 /ld/，拼写也多一个 l，二者只是形近，意思各不相干。
desecrated 仅用于亵渎被奉为神圣的人、地、物，语域庄重；defiled 用法更宽，既可指弄脏、污染具体物品，也可指玷污名声或亵渎。
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