1
file a counterclaim against sb/sth
作名词时，常与 file、lodge 等动词搭配，表示“提出反诉”。
The defendant filed a counterclaim against the plaintiff.
被告对原告提起了反诉。
反诉；反索赔
先理解核心含义，再看它在真实句子里的用法。
反诉；反索赔
a legal claim made by a defendant in response to a claim by the plaintiff in a lawsuit
The defendant filed a counterclaim against the plaintiff.
被告对原告提起了反诉。
被告针对原告提起的、附属于原起诉的诉讼。
A suit filed by a defendant against a plaintiff secondary to the original complaint.
法律诉讼中针对另一项索赔而提出的反索赔
a claim filed in opposition to another claim in a legal action
反驳另一主张的主张(断言)。
A claim (assertion) that counters (disputes) another.
The tenant filed a counterclaim, saying the landlord had not returned the deposit.
租户提出了反诉，称房东没有退还押金。
A counterclaim often raises a separate issue from the original lawsuit.
反诉通常提出与原始诉讼不同的问题。
The lawyer advised her client to include a counterclaim in the written response.
律师建议她的委托人在书面答辩中加上反诉。
作名词时，常与 file、lodge 等动词搭配，表示“提出反诉”。
The defendant filed a counterclaim against the plaintiff.
被告对原告提起了反诉。
作名词时，for 后接反诉所主张的内容。
The counterclaim for damages was dismissed.
该损害赔偿反诉被驳回了。
作动词时，counterclaim 为不及物动词，后接 against 引出反诉对象。
The company counterclaimed against its former employee.
该公司对其前雇员提出了反诉。
Not this
The defendant made counterclaim against the plaintiff.
Use this
The defendant made a counterclaim against the plaintiff.
counterclaim 表示具体的一起反诉时可数，需要加冠词 a；加上 a 后句子才语法正确。
Not this
She filed a counterclaim to the company.
Use this
She filed a counterclaim against the company.
表示“对某人/某公司提出反诉”时，counterclaim 后搭配介词 against，而不是 to；against 明确指向反诉对象。
Focus on the distinctions below. Other candidates are kept compact until a reliable usage note is available.
提起反诉
The defendant decided to file a counterclaim against the plaintiff.
被告决定对原告提起反诉。
损害赔偿反诉
The company filed a counterclaim for damages caused by the breach.
该公司就违约造成的损害提出了损害赔偿反诉。
主张反诉
In her answer, she asserted a counterclaim against her former partner.
她在答辩中对其前合伙人主张反诉。
驳回反诉
The judge dismissed the counterclaim for lack of evidence.
法官因缺乏证据驳回了反诉。
对……提起的反诉
The tenant's counterclaim against the landlord was settled out of court.
租户对房东提起的反诉已在庭外和解。
发长 /eɪ/ 音 (如 rain, wait)
Use counterclaim naturally, then get feedback on meaning, tone, grammar, and phrasing.
Revisit a common error or keep this word in your review list.
counter-表示“相反”，claim是“主张”，法庭上反过来提出主张，就是“反诉”。
语域：formal 常见场景：legal documents、court proceedings、civil litigation 该词为法律术语，多用于正式的诉讼文书和法庭程序中，表示反诉或反索赔；日常口语中很少使用。
这些词与 counterclaim 的词尾 /kleɪm/ 押韵，均以 /eɪm/ 音结尾。注意形近词 climb /klaɪm/（攀爬）和 clam /klæm/（蛤蜊）拼写相似但发音不同，并不押韵。
Dictionary facts from ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.