Word · Frequency #500
short
使短路
to cause a short circuit in something
- 1.
To cause a short circuit in (something).
使(某物)短路。
- 2.
To short circuit.
短路。
- 3.
To sell something, especially securities, that one does not own at the moment for delivery at a later date in hopes of profiting from a decline in the price; to sell short.
卖出目前不拥有的东西,尤其是证券,以期在价格下跌时获利；卖空。
短路；卖空；使(某物)短路。；短路。；卖出目前不拥有的东西,尤其是证券,以期在价格下跌时获利；卖空。
In use
The damp cloth shorted the old radio, so it stopped working.
Be careful not to short the battery with the metal tool.
A loose wire shorted the entire system.
short someone (on something)
The cashier shorted me on my change.
收银员少找了我零钱。
short something
The wet wires shorted the circuit.
潮湿的电线使电路短路了。
Verb forms
base short · third person shorts · -ing shorting · past shorted · past participle shorted
short是规则动词，过去式和过去分词均为shorted。
Common mistakes
Connections
Collocations
- short a stock
- 卖空股票
- He decided to short the stock after the earnings report.他决定在财报发布后卖空这只股票。
- short the market
- 做空大盘
- Many traders short the market during a recession.许多交易者在经济衰退期间做空大盘。
- short a currency
- 做空货币
- The fund shorted the dollar last month.该基金上个月做空了美元。
- short the circuit
- 使电路短路
- Rainwater shorted the circuit in the basement.雨水使地下室的电路短路了。
- short an index
- 做空指数
- She shorted the S&P 500 index before the crash.她在股市崩盘前做空了标普500指数。
Idioms & figurative uses
Learner notes
Memory Tip
记住 short 本义是“短”：使电路变短即“使短路”；做空股票也是“卖空”，围绕“短”这个核心即可。
Context & Register
语域：mixed 常见场景：电路维修、股票交易 作为动词，short 的语境差异较大：在电路/电器语境中表示“短路”，多用于日常或技术说明，比较常见于口语和维修场合；在金融语境中表示“卖空”，属于正式的专业术语。使用时需根据语境判断，不能一概而论。
Grammar Note
及物动词，后接直接宾语，表示故意少给或使短路。
Pronunciation & Spelling
这些词与 short 的读音都以 /ɔrt/ 结尾（重读元音和后面的辅音相同），构成押韵：sort、port、fort、sport、report、resort。注意：拼写相近的 shirt /ʃɜrt/、shot /ʃɑt/、shore /ʃɔr/ 发音不同，并不与 short 押韵。
High-value vocabulary
该词属于 Oxford 核心词汇，值得优先掌握常见搭配和句型。
Usage priority
Collins 词频等级为 2，建议结合例句记忆，而不是只背中文释义。
Learn the forms together
页面下方列出了常见词形变化。学习时注意它们在句子中的语法位置。
Dictionary facts from DICTIONARY_API_DEV, ECDICT, WIKTIONARY, WORDNET.