a proving of sth
proving 是可数名词，a proving of... 用来说明试验的对象是什么。
The proving of the substance showed which symptoms it produced.
对该物质的试验显示了它会引起哪些症状。
试验；药物试验
provings — plural of proving
实验以确定摄入物质的效果；验证；证明
experimentation to determine the effects of ingested substances
实验以确定摄入物质的效果
Experimentation to determine which substances cause which effects when ingested.
The clinic published the results of a proving conducted with ten healthy volunteers.
诊所公布了用十名健康志愿者进行的一次药物试验的结果。
用法提示：proving 是名词，指通过摄入物质来观察其效果的试验。
During the proving, participants recorded every symptom that appeared after taking the herb.
在药物试验期间，参与者记录了服用这种草药后出现的每一种症状。
用法提示：此处 proving 作名词，表示药物试验过程。
Her book describes a proving in which the substance was tested on a small group.
她的书中描述了一次在小组中测试该物质的药物试验。
用法提示：proving 为名词，指药物试验。
proving 是可数名词，a proving of... 用来说明试验的对象是什么。
The proving of the substance showed which symptoms it produced.
对该物质的试验显示了它会引起哪些症状。
与 carry out、conduct 等动词连用时，单数形式前要加 a。
Researchers carried out a proving to see how the body reacted.
研究人员进行了一次试验，以观察身体的反应。
表示在某次试验过程中用 during a proving，也可说 in the course of a proving。
Volunteers noted every change in their health during a proving.
在一次试验期间，志愿者记录下健康状况的每一次变化。
grammar · medium
易错句子Hahnemann carried out many proving on healthy volunteers.
正确表达Hahnemann carried out many provings on healthy volunteers.
这里 proving 指“药物试验”，是可数名词，复数形式为 provings；many 后面必须接复数可数名词。汉语名词没有单复数变化（“很多试验”），学习者容易漏掉词尾 -s。只改这一处即可，因为错误仅在于名词未变复数。
grammar · medium
易错句子They carried out a proof of the remedy on healthy volunteers to see which symptoms it caused.
正确表达They carried out a proving of the remedy on healthy volunteers to see which symptoms it caused.
要表达“为确定药物作用而在健康人身上做的试验”，英语用 proving；proof 意为“证据、证明”，不表示这种试验，说 a proof of the remedy 会被理解为“该药的证据”。汉语里“证明”和“试验”都能说“做一次……”，学习者容易把 proof 当作 proving 的同义替换，其实两者词义不同。
proof 指能证实某事为真的事实或证据，也可指对有效性的验证；proving 特指为确定摄入物质效果而做的试验（尤指顺势疗法）。
proofing 常指给材料做防渗等防护处理，或指面团发酵；proving 则指药物试验。
probing 指深入调查、探查或追问；proving 指为确定物质效果而做的系统试验。
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