Word · CEFR B2 · Frequency #6849
foul
犯规;对...犯规
核心释义
体育比赛
To commit a foul, especially by illegally contacting an opponent in a sport.
- 1.
弄脏
To make dirty.
- 2.
玷污
To besmirch.
- 3.
击出界外球
hit a foul ball
- 4.
阻碍、堵塞或以其他方式干扰(某物),例如通过堵塞(排水管、枪管、烟囱等)或挡住(枪击等)
To obstruct, block, or otherwise interfere with (something), for example by clogging (a drain, gun barrel, chimney, etc) or by being in the way of (a gunshot, etc).
- 5.
使不纯
make impure
- 6.
缠绕
To entangle.
- 7.
做出被裁判认为违反规则的动作,如与对方球员的强烈接触以获得优势
To make make a play, such as a strong contact with an opposing player in order to gain advantage, that is deemed by the referee to have contravened the rules.
- 8.
犯规
To commit a foul.
- 9.
击球出界
To hit outside of the baselines.
- 10.
将球击出界线外
To hit a ball outside of the baselines.
- 11.
堵塞
To become clogged.
- 12.
纠缠在一起
To become entangled.
- 13.
接触或碰撞
To come into contact or collide with.
弄脏;污染;玷污;击出界外球;打出界外球;堵塞;阻塞;使堵塞;缠住;缠绕;使纠缠;弄脏
用法In use
The defender fouled the forward during the last minute.
用法提示:此句中 fouled 是动词过去式,意为在体育比赛中违反规则接触对手。
If you foul another player, the referee will blow the whistle.
用法提示:此句中 foul 是动词原形,表示做出犯规动作。
He was penalized for fouling the opposing player.
用法提示:此句中 fouling 是动名词形式,作为介词 for 的宾语,表示犯规行为。
foul sth (with sth)
foul 作及物动词,可指弄脏、污染,也可指堵塞、阻碍,如 foul the drain(堵塞下水道)。
The factory fouled the river with chemical waste.
那家工厂用化学废料污染了河水。
foul sb
体育用语,指对对手犯规;常用被动 be fouled by sb(被某人犯规)。
相关词与表达Connections
搭配Collocations
- foul the air
- 污染空气
- The factory fumes fouled the air over the town.工厂的废气污染了城镇上方的空气。
- foul a drain
- 堵塞排水管
- Leaves fouled the drain, causing water to back up.树叶堵塞了排水管,导致水倒流。
- foul an opponent
- 对对手犯规
- He was sent off for fouling an opponent in the box.他因在禁区内对对手犯规而被罚下。
- foul the propeller
- 缠住螺旋桨
- Fishing nets fouled the propeller, stopping the boat.渔网缠住了螺旋桨,使船停了下来。
习语与比喻表达
学习提示Learner notes
记忆技巧Memory Tip
记 foul 音似‘发呕’:想象球员犯规倒地,满身泥污弄脏球衣,臭味让人发呕。
语境与语域Context & Register
语域:mixed 常见场景:体育比赛、日常生活、书面/正式语境 foul 作动词时,体育比赛中“犯规、击出界外球”和日常“弄脏、堵塞”都比较常见;正式或文学性的“玷污、污染”多用于书面表达。实际使用时通常要根据搭配和语境来选择合适的意思。
语法说明Grammar Note
常用于体育比赛中表示犯规
发音与拼写Pronunciation & Spelling
这些词都与 foul /faʊl/ 押韵,韵尾为 /aʊl/:owl、howl、growl、scowl、prowl、jowl。注意拼写相似的 soul /soʊl/ 与 dull /dʌl/ 发音不同,不押韵;fowl /faʊl/ 与 foul 同音但拼写不同。
用法优先级Usage priority
Collins 词频等级为 2,建议结合例句记忆,而不是只背中文释义。
一起学习词形
Dictionary facts from AI_FALLBACK, DICTIONARY_API_DEV, ECDICT, WIKTIONARY.