calque sth on/from sth
表示根据某语言的表达方式直译仿造。
They calqued the word 'skyscraper' on the German 'Wolkenkratzer'.
他们仿照德语'Wolkenkratzer'仿造了'skyscraper'一词。
to adopt a word or phrase from another language by translating its parts semantically
To adopt (a word or phrase) from one language to another by semantic translation of its parts.
一般现在时
They calque terms from English into their language.
他们从英语仿造术语到自己的语言中。
一般过去时
The translator calqued the phrase directly from the source.
翻译者直接仿造了源语言中的短语。
现在完成时
Linguists have calqued many expressions over the centuries.
几个世纪以来，语言学家仿造了许多表达方式。
仿造词语的动词形式
The term 'skyscraper' was calqued from the English into many languages.
'skyscraper' 这个词被从英语直译成多种语言。
用法提示：动词过去式 'calqued' 表示仿造或直译的过程。
He often calques German compound nouns directly into English.
他经常将德语复合名词直接直译成英语。
用法提示：动词第三人称单数 'calques' 表示习惯性动作。
Linguists sometimes advise against calquing idiomatic expressions.
语言学家有时建议不要直译习语表达。
用法提示：动词原形 'calquing' 表示避免的行为。
表示根据某语言的表达方式直译仿造。
They calqued the word 'skyscraper' on the German 'Wolkenkratzer'.
他们仿照德语'Wolkenkratzer'仿造了'skyscraper'一词。
表示仿造的结果是某种表达。
The term 'flea market' was calqued as 'marché aux puces' in French.
术语'flea market'在法语中被直译仿造为'marché aux puces'。
被动结构，强调来源。
The English phrase 'to lose face' is calqued from Chinese.
英语短语'to lose face'是从中文直译仿造来的。
grammar · medium
易错句子He calqued from French.
正确表达He calqued the phrase from French.
动词 calque 需要直接宾语表示被仿造的词语，不能单独加介词短语。改正后添加直接宾语 the phrase，使句子完整。
grammar · medium
易错句子This is a calque from English.
正确表达This word is calqued from English.
这里需要使用动词被动形式 is calqued 来表示“被仿造”，而不是名词 calque。改正后符合语法要求。
借词指直接借用外来词的音或形，如'巧克力'；仿造词（calque）则是逐字翻译外语的组成部分，如'周末'（weekend）。学习者常将两者混淆，但前者保留原词形式，后者采用本族语词素翻译。
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